Smart technologies have advanced rapidly throughout our society (e.g. smart energy, smart health, smart living, smart cities, smart environment, and smart society) and across geographic spaces and places. Behind these "smart" developments are a number of seminal drivers, such as social media (e.g. Twitter), sensors (drones, wearables), smartphone apps, and computing infrastructure (e.g. cloud computing). These developments have captured the enthusiasm of the public, while inevitably present unprecedented challenges and opportunities for the geographic research community. When meeting the smart challenges, are there emerging theories, methods, and observations that reveal new spatial phenomena, produce new knowledge, and foster new policies? Smart Spaces and Places addresses questions such as how to make spaces and places "smart", how the "smartness" affects the way we think spaces and places, and what role geographies play in knowledge production and decision-making in a "smart" era. The collection of 21 chapters offers stimulating discussion over the meaning of spaces, places, and smartness; scientific insights into smartness; social-political views of smartness; and policy implications of smartness. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Annals of the American Association of Geographers.

Smart technologies have advanced rapidly throughout our society (e.g. smart energy, smart health, smart living, smart cities, smart environment, and smart society) and across geographic spaces and places. Behind these "smart" developments are a number of seminal drivers, such as social media (e.g. Twitter), sensors (drones, wearables), smartphone apps, and computing infrastructure (e.g. cloud computing). These developments have captured the enthusiasm of the public, while inevitably present unprecedented challenges and opportunities for the geographic research community. When meeting the smart challenges, are there emerging theories, methods, and observations that reveal new spatial phenomena, produce new knowledge, and foster new policies? Smart Spaces and Places addresses questions such as how to make spaces and places "smart", how the "smartness" affects the way we think spaces and places, and what role geographies play in knowledge production and decision-making in a "smart" era. The collection of 21 chapters offers stimulating discussion over the meaning of spaces, places, and smartness; scientific insights into smartness; social-political views of smartness; and policy implications of smartness. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Annals of the American Association of Geographers.

Smart Spaces and Places addresses questions such as how to make spaces and places 'smart', how the 'smartness' affects the way we think spaces and places, and what role geographies play in knowledge production and decision making in a 'smart' era.

Smart Spaces combines the study of working or living spaces with computing, information equipment, and multimodal sensing devices, and with natural and convenient interactive interfaces to support how people can easily obtain services from computer systems. People's work and life in smart spaces use computer systems; it is a process of uninterrupted interaction between people and the computer system. In this process, the computer is no longer just an information processing tool that passively executes explicit human operation commands but a collaborator with people to complete tasks – a partner to human beings. International research on smart spaces is quite extensive, which shows the important role of smart spaces in ubiquitous computing research. Smart Spaces covers the latest research concepts and technologies of smart spaces, providing technical personnel engaged in smart space related research and industries a more in-depth understanding of smart spaces. This book can be used as a reference for practicing the emerging discipline of Smart Spaces, and will be useful for researchers, scientists, developers, practitioners, and graduate students working in the fields of smart spaces and artificial intelligence. - Comprehensively introduces smart spaces, from basic concepts, core technologies, technical architecture, application scenarios, and other aspects - Covers the latest cutting-edge application technology of smart spaces in various fields, providing relevant practitioners with ideas to solve problems and have a deeper understanding of smart spaces - Serves as teaching material or as a reference for teachers and students of interaction design, internet of things, ubiquitous and pervasive computing, and artificial intelligence - Gives a detailed introduction to the theory of Smart Spaces and uses mathematical formulas

The wide diffusion of technologies, such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and 4G/5G, has enabled many cities to transform into hubs of digital transformation, deploying urban platforms, digital twins of cities and other digital ecosystems that leverage geospatial information. Smart cities are part of a wider trend, which has a strong element of location - the Smart Space, which also includes smart buildings and much more. A Smart Space can be defined as a combination of physical and digital environments in which people and technology-enabled systems interact in dynamic, inter-connected and intelligent ecosystems. Such Smart Spaces represent a new approach in terms of design and integration patterns and architectures to create new outcomes from legacy, new and emerging technologies and services. While we witness the market for Smart Spaces expanding, we lack a deeper understanding of its challenges and the possible solutions that location intelligence might provide. We see a particular opportunity to identify areas where the public sector can help address these challenges. It will thus inform relevant policies, such as the interoperability policy and the EU Data Strategy. Developing a benchmarking framework to analyse Smart Spaces in this context is particularly important to identify barriers, for example, in the interoperability of (location) data and technology, anticipating emerging market demands, and the derived recommendations for improving the status quo - especially for required actions of the public sector. This report details how the Smart Space Benchmark Framework was designed, highlights the insight gathered from the four case studies, presents an analysis of how to improve the use of location intelligence in Smart Spaces, and provides conclusions and recommendations. Our conclusions reflect and distil the outcomes of these areas of study, setting the key takeaways from benchmarking the roles of the public sector and location intelligence in a wider context and suggesting future research. Since this study is developed in the scope of the "European Location Interoperability Solutions for e-Government (ELISE)", Action 4.1 of the ISA2 Programme, we close with recommendations for the public and the private sectors with regards to location data and interoperability. The Framework can be used to benchmark Smart Spaces along four dimensions , structuring the collection of data to provide insight on the role of location intelligence in Smart Spaces and the role of the public sector. The first dimension allows understanding how, in a Smart Space, data is used to create public value using location intelligence. The second and third dimensions help to analyse in detail location data and intelligence and how it is exchanged, along the data value chain, the existing barriers and enablers, and the role of the public sector. The fourth dimension addresses the overall Smart Space by looking at its components and assessing its maturity level.

Smart Spaces covers the latest concepts and technologies surrounding smart spaces, providing technical personnel engaged in smart space related research and industries a more in-depth understanding of smart spaces. This book can be used as a reference for practicing this emerging discipline, but it will also be useful for researchers, scientists, developers, practitioners, and graduate students working in the fields of smart spaces and artificial intelligence. It combines the study of working or living spaces with computing, information equipment, and multimodal sensing devices, and with natural and convenient interactive interfaces to support how people can easily obtain services from computer systems. People's work and life in smart spaces use computer systems; it is a process of uninterrupted interaction between people and the computer system. In this process, the computer is no longer just an information processing tool that passively executes explicit human operation commands but a collaborator with people to complete tasks - a partner to human beings. International research on smart spaces is quite extensive, which shows the important role of smart spaces in ubiquitous computing research.