Overview of Space Technology It has been over 50 years since the rst satellite was sent into orbit, and the impact of space technology can be felt in many aspects in our day to day life. In addition to the convenience of knowing exactly where we are on the planet via GPS satellites; or deciding what to pack for a trip based on forecasts from weather satellites; watching CNNinaremotevillageviabroadcasting satellites;therearenowsomecrucialen- ronmental uses of Space technologies in the areas of natural resources management and environmental monitoring. Remotely sensed data reveals an unparallel view of the Earth for systems that require synoptic or periodic observations such as inv- tory control, surveying, agriculture, business, mineralogy, hydrography, geology, land mass cover, land utilization and environment monitoring. The advancement of remote sensing has made remote sensed data more affordable and available to merge with a variety of data sources to create mash-ups. The amalgamation of these data sources into disciplines such as agriculture, urban planning, web applications, cartography, geodetic reference systems, and global navigation satellite systems, are an important advancement of space applications and space science. Space Technology and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) The MDGs are a set of time-bound, measurable goals and targets that are global as well as country-speci c for combating poverty, hunger, diseases, illiteracy, envir- mental degradation and discrimination against women.

Human well-being is inextricably linked to the condition of the natural environment. Environmental management decisions often aim to maintain ecosystems in a healthy and resilient condition while providing the ecosystem goods and services that humans want and need. Models, methods, frameworks, and metrics are needed to characterize and forecast the potential benefits from remediation, restoration, and revitalization that improve human health and well-being through the delivery of ecosystem services. However, ecosystems are complex, and layering on social and economic considerations can make environmental decision-making seem intractable. Dynamics of socio-ecological systems are complicated, making models a pivotal tool for identifying and quantifying relationships, assessing historical patterns, and forecasting alternative decision scenarios. The goal of this Research Topic is to leverage modeling approaches to provide science-based evidence, metrics, and frameworks and methods for quantifying how restored ecosystem goods and services lead to benefits for public health, community well-being, and economic vitality. Modeling approaches may range in complexity from conceptual models to statistical models to dynamic process models, empirically-derived to mechanistic to participatory. Research will evaluate connections between ecosystem condition, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being, and may include covarying socio-economic or biophysical factors that modify relationships between ecosystem health and perceived or realized benefits. Applications or case studies will demonstrate how to integrate community priorities with nature-based solutions to enhance benefits of environmental remediation, ecological restoration, community revitalization, and climate resilience decisions.

In recent years there has been a growing body of evidence from fields such as public health, architecture, ecology, landscape, forestry, psychology, sport science, psychiatry, geography suggesting that nature enhances psychological health and wellbeing. Physical activity in the presence of nature, feelings of connection to nature, engagement with nature, specific environmental features (e.g. therapeutic, water and trees) and images of real and virtual nature have all been posited as important wellbeing facilitators. Thus, the association between natural environments and health outcomes might be more complex than initially understood (Pritchard, Richardson, Sheffield, & Mcewan, 2019). Despite the number of studies showing improvements in psychological health and wellbeing through nature-based physical activities or feelings of connection to nature the exact role and influence of the natural environment in this process is still rather unclear (Brymer, Davids, & Mallabon, 2014; Karmanov & Hamel, 2008). Research is also beginning to consider the importance of individual differences, meaning and the person-environment relationship (Freeman, Akhurst, Bannigan & James, 2016; Freeman & Akhurst, 2015) in the development of wellbeing and health outcomes. Furthermore traditional theoretical notions, such as Biophilia, topophilia, restoration theories and stress reduction theories typically used to interpret findings are also being critiqued. Often one of the main barriers for practitioners is the vast array of theories that claim to effectively explain research findings but that tend to be only partially relevant (e.g. for Physical activity or restoration), focus on the characteristics of the person (e.g. nature relatedness) and only some features of the landscape (e.g. therapeutic landscapes). This special edition therefore brings together cutting edge ideas and research from a wide set of disciplines with the purpose of exploring interdisciplinary or trans-disciplinary approaches to understanding the psychological health and wellbeing benefits of human-nature interactions.

Includes history of bills and resolutions.

This book takes a unique interdisciplinary approach to the planned return of humans to the Moon. With the Artemis Project, the US and its partners have planned an ambitious project with the creation of the Lunar Gateway, to be followed by the landing of the first woman and next man on the Moon. This book explains that the Artemis project then forms the basis of planned sustained human missions to Mars. Russia and China have also announced their intentions to establish a permanent base on the Moon and have commenced the deployment of modules which will form part of this project. This book states that whilst there has been a permanent human presence in Low Earth Orbit since 2000, with the continued crew rotation on the International Space Station, perhaps the most successful international collaboration of modern times, the establishment of a base on the Moon will generate new challenges for human survival and success. The continued human presence on the space station has provided an incredible opportunity to observe and study the effect of being in space upon the human body and the human psyche. In addition, this book explores that it has provided the scope and context for a vast range of scientific experiments. Now that it has become likely that more humans will need to live and work in space for sustained periods of time, it is essential that we consider matters beyond the engineering questions of how we go to space to the broader questions of how we will live there? What will we need? What will the effects of sustained living in space be for us, emotionally, cognitively, physically and how do we need to consider the impact we will have on the environment to which we are travelling. This book is unique in that, not only does it bring together a diverse yet complementary set of expertise, but it also consciously brings those different experts together in jointly authored chapters, mirroring the way we will have to work together as teams of diverse experts in space. It creates interwoven chapters co-written by various teams of psychologists, lawyers, engineers, regulators, policy experts, architects and cultural studies experts. This book will enable the fielding and addressing of the difficult questions that need to be considered before space habitation may be a successful and sustained mode of existence. This book fills a gap in the area of space studies which tends to focus on narrow, discipline specific issues. It provides a thought-provoking launchpad for further work in this area and above all, stresses the needs of the human in a hostile environment.