Flat steel products are fundamental to modern manufacturing and construction, serving as crucial materials in a wide array of industries. From automotive components and household appliances to building structures and packaging materials, flat steel’s versatility and strength make it indispensable. The flat steel industry has seen numerous technological advancements that have enhanced product quality and production efficiency. Key developments include: · Advanced Coating Technologies · Precision Manufacturing · High-Strength and Specialty Steels · Sustainability Initiatives The advancements in flat steel products have had a profound impact on both industry and society. In the industrial realm, these products have enabled the creation of safer, more efficient, and more durable materials. The automotive industry’s use of high-strength steel, for example, has led to safer vehicles with improved fuel efficiency. On a societal level, the widespread use of flat steel products has contributed to improved living standards. Household appliances and infrastructure developments have enhanced everyday life by providing reliable and durable solutions. Additionally, the impact of flat steel products on the economy cannot be overstated; they support numerous jobs and contribute significantly to global trade.

This book contains a detailed account of modeling aspects of all the relevant concerns of steel industry. The text explores the Process Modeling Fundamentals, Basic Concepts of Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Fundamentals of Flow Reactors, Numerical Modeling of Different Processes in Steel Industry and Brief Working Guidance for CFD Software Package ANSYS Fluent. Most importantly, this book will help readers to formulate live problem-solving strategy in steel making industry.

Comprising two volumes, Thermoelectrics and Its Energy Harvesting reviews the dramatic improvements in technology and application of thermoelectric energy with a specific intention to reduce and reuse waste heat and improve novel techniques for the efficient acquisition and use of energy. This volume, Modules, Systems and Applications in Thermoelec

This book reviews recent research advances in sustainable agriculture, with focus on crop production, biodiversity and biofuels in Africa and Asia.

This report is a review of selected failures in concrete structures in which prestressing steels break in a brittle way due to stress corrosion cracking. Most cases are from the German experience over a period of about 30 years. Analysis of these failures shows that they are often due to an accumulation of causes such as poor design, errors during construction, careless detailing and, in some cases, use of unsuitable materials. This report will have achieved its purpose if it serves to avoid these past errors and encourages the development of new ways to protect, test and regulate prestressing steels. The report is complemented with comments on the properties and corrosion behaviour of different types of prestressing steels. The goal of the study is to provide objective arguments for the discussion of failures that have occurred due to corrosion induced failure of prestressing steel. In such a way the general regulation given in DIN with respect to reinforcement for robustness may eventually be proven inappropriate. The general building authority approval for prestressed hollow filler block floors already supports such an idea. It is well known that the hollow block floor industry works without any reinforcing steel. The regulations in the standards should not limit in particular the use of these types of prestressing steel (cold-formed wires, strands) which have proven not associated with any substantial failures cases reported in the last 35 years. The report reviews the historical development with respect to corrosion induced failure of prestressing steel. Concerning the circumstances of the failure examples, this review partly reflects a specific problem in Germany. Also reviewed are other known interregional examples of failure which are incorrectly attributed to the prestressed construction method. All cases considered are discussed and the failure reasons thoroughly evaluated, also with reference to the results of most recent research. Another question addressed is whether one should be concerned over corrosion induced retarded failure even when using new generation prestressing steel with correct corrosion protection. Finally a contribution to the following very important question is presented: Do the future prestressed structures possess enough safety against structural failure if they are constructed without reinforcement for robustness but otherwise comply completely with the design standards? To aid a better understanding of this short report on typical failure cases and their origins, the main conditions are set out for corrosion-induced failure of prestressing steel in technical applications. The properties of different types of prestressing steel and their application limits are given in a special section dealing with the influence of building materials on damage development. This report will be of interest to all involved in the construction process. Fundamental scientific discussion has been avoided by reference to well accredited detailed information in the technical literature.