The Republic of Sudan's former Culture Minister and a leading architect in the movement to gain independence for South Sudan, Bona Malwal, provides a factual and personal account of the break up of Sudan. He explores its troubled history post-colonialism and offers a frank account of the many challenges that both nations face in the coming years.

South Sudan is a country located in East-Central Africa. It is the newest country in the world, gaining its independence from Sudan in 2011. The country has a population of about 11 million people, with over 60 tribes, the largest of which are the Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk. The official languages are English and Arabic, but there are over 60 indigenous languages spoken throughout the country. South Sudan faces significant challenges, including civil war, poverty, and underdevelopment. The country has experienced conflict and instability since gaining independence, with ongoing ethnic tensions and disputes over resources. The majority of the population lives in poverty, with limited access to basic services such as healthcare and education. Despite these challenges, South Sudan has a rich cultural heritage and is home to diverse ethnic groups, languages, and traditional customs. Efforts are being made to develop the country's infrastructure and economy, but progress has been slow due to ongoing conflict and political instability.

South Sudan, the world's youngest country, has experienced a rocky start to its life as an independent nation. Less than three years after gaining independence in 2011 following a violent liberation war, the country slid back into conflict. In the wake of infighting within the ruling Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), violence erupted in South Sudan's capital, Juba, in December 2013. The conflict pitted President Salva Kiir's predominantly Dinka presidential guard against Nuer fighters loyal to the former Vice President Riek Machar. As fighting spread across the country, it has taken on an increasingly ethnic nature. Ceasefires have been agreed, but there have been repeated violations by all sides. Today the conflict continues unabated and the humanitarian situation grows ever more urgent. This book analyses the crisis and some of its contributing factors. The contributors have worked on South Sudan for a number of years and bring a wealth of knowledge and different perspectives to this discussion. Providing the most comprehensive analysis yet of South Sudan's social and political history, post-independence governance systems and the current challenges for development, this book will be essential reading for all those interested in the continuing struggle for peace in South Sudan.

Before South Sudan got it independence, Sudan was at civil wars for two centuries. The first civil war started in 1955 and ended in 1972 in an Agreement signed in Addis Ababa. The Accords gave South Sudan Autonomy Government, but was terminated later after ten years, and also after the abolition laws apply all over the Sudan. The September Laws has discriminately particular group bases on races, religion and colour and ethnicity. Because Sharia laws were applied all over the country, the officers of the South Sudan army of 105 and 104 battalion rejected Jafaar order by threatening to quell Jafaar order military. As a result Numery send machines forces to Bor to quell Kerubino mutiny in May 1983. Because Jafar order was resist, the fighting erupted at Battalion 105 Barack in Bor, where Kerubino forces defeated and a large number of Jafaar forces killed including Jafaar second commander. Because William Nyon was accused by aliening with Kerubino and Anya-Anya two forces. Therefore, President Jafaar Numery issued order of arresting him and he is brought to Khartoum for trial. After Bor and Ayod wars was over, the SPLM/A was formed with the two different ideologies “separation” and “secular united Sudan”. The separatist and unionist ideology was the cause of the split and the death of many founding fathers of the nation SPLM/A. In 1997, the split groups signed the agreement known as Khartoum Agreement with regime in Khartoum. In 2002 the SPLM/A and some of the split groups re-joined once again and unify their forces with Garang’s forces, until Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in Nairobi- Kenya in 2005 After CPA, the Transitional Government of National Unity was formed in Sudan and the rights of self-determination were exercised and the 99.9% vote for separation leading to the declaration of independence of the South Sudan on 9 July 2011. After 2 years from independence the war within SPLM (Kiir and Riek) broke out in Juba where thousands killed. Due to some reservations from the Kiir and Machar dogfight erupted in J1 in 2016 until 2018 Revitalise Agreement signed.

This textbook in history is primarily intended for secondary schools in South Sudan. The focus is on the history of South Sudan, and is in this sense a pioneer work since it is the country's first secondary school book dealing primarily with the history of the South. Even though the focus is on South Sudan its history cannot be interpreted in a vacuum, and particularly North-South relations are discussed extensively in the book. Secondary school students in Sudan have either studied the history of Kenya and Uganda, or the history of North Sudan since no history book for South Sudan has existed. The book may also be of interest to academics, politicians, historians and college and university students as well civil society groups such as churches, youth and women's groups.

This new and revised edition of 'A Concise History of South Sudan' was revised by Avelino Androga Said, Yosa Wawa, Anne Farren and Anders Breidlid. All chapters were revised and a new chapter on the period from the referendum in 2011 to the period after independence has been added. When the first edition was published in 2010 it was the first history book of its kind in the now South Sudan. This first edition was primarily intended for secondary schools in South Sudan, but the book proved to arouse great interest to many other South Sudanese both inside South Sudan as well as in the diaspora. This was not surprising since it was the first history book on South Sudan to cover, albeit not in detail, the whole history from the origin of mankind to the present. The book may be of interest to students, academicians, politicians and civil society groups such as churches and youth and women's groups. The first, original edition of this book was produced as a result of extensive team work, and the majority of the contributors are South Sudanese citizens, either living in South Sudan or in the diaspora.

In July 2011, South Sudan was granted independence and became the world's newest country. Yet just two-and-a-half years after this momentous decision, the country was in the grips of renewed civil war and political strife. Hilde F. Johnson served as Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan from July 2011 until July 2014 and, as such, she was witness to the many challenges which the country faced as it struggled to adjust to its new autonomous state. In this book, she provides an unparalleled insider's account of South Sudan's descent from the ecstatic celebrations of July 2011 to the outbreak of the disastrous conflict in December 2013 and the early, bloody phase of the fighting. Johnson's frequent personal and private contacts at the highest levels of government, accompanied by her deep knowledge of the country and its history, make this a unique eyewitness account of the turbulent first three years of the world's newest – and yet most fragile – country.

The book offers a history of the discourses and diplomacies of Sudan’s civil wars. It explores the battle for legitimacy between the Sudanese state and Southern rebels. In particular, it examines how racial thought and rhetoric were used in international debates about the political destiny of the South. By placing the state and rebels within the same frame, the book uncovers the competition for Sudan’s reputation. It reveals the discursive techniques both sides employed to elicit support from diverse audiences, amidst the intellectual ferment of Pan-Africanism, the Cold War, and Black liberation politics. It maintains that the interplay of silences and articulations in both the rebels' and the state’s texts concealed and complicated aspects of the country’s political conflict. In sum, the book demonstrates that the war of words waged abroad represents a strategic, but often overlooked, aspect of the Sudanese civil wars.

South Sudan: The State We Aspire To was conceived and written mid-2009, two years before the conduct of the referendum on self-determination. The comprehensive peace agreement provided the people of southern Sudan this inalienable right after nearly five decades of conflict. Peter Adwok Nyaba incisively discusses the high expectations and hopes the people of southern Sudan had, mixed with anxiety that characterises the fluid and unpredictable nature of the interim period leading to independence of South Sudan in 2011. In this second edition of South Sudan: The State We Aspire To, written after the eruption of violence in December 2013, the events vindicated what the author correctly discussed the situation southern Sudan was in as being on the horns of a great dilemma, or the attitude of its leaders being between treason and stupidity. It was inevitable that the internal crisis in the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement (SPLM)/Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA) leadership and failure to pursue socioeconomic development commensurate with its liberation ideology would plunge the country into hell on earth. Nyabas prime objective in The State We Aspire To, is to provoke a debate, inside and outside the SPLM and South Sudan at large, on the political future of South Sudan. He argues that the SPLM top leadership, cadres and general membership are collectively responsible for what is happening to this young nation having willfully abandoned the ideals for which the South Sudanese people sacrificed in the wars of national liberation. the authorincisively discussestion.

In July 2011 the Republic of South Sudan achieved independence, concluding what had been Africa's longest running civil war. A story of transformation and of victory against the odds, this book reviews South Sudan's modern history.