In Christine Schirrmacher's postdoctoral thesis, for the first time one finds reviews of original voices coming from Islamic theology on the topic of religious freedom and apostasy. Arabic, English, French, and Urdu texts have been translated and analyzed and thus made accessible. There are basically three positions which are defended on falling away from the Islamic faith: Complete advocacy of religious freedom, the complete denial of religious freedom with a call for the immediate application of the death penalty for apostates, and the centrist position. The centrist position, however, which allows inner freedom of thought and warns against premature persecution, calls for the death penalty in the case of open apostasy (e.g., in the case of conversion to another faith). Within established Islamic theology, the latter approach is nowadays the most frequent point of view found. These three main positions on apostasy are introduced in this postdoctoral thesis by means of the publications of three influential 20th century theologians: Yusuf al-Qaradawi (b. 1926), Abdullah Saeed (b. 1960), and Abu l-A'la Maududi (1903-1979). They all have followings of many millions of people and have political influence at their disposal. The study explains why in many Muslim majority countries there is still today only very limited or sometimes no freedom of religion (in the sense of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations in 1948) for converts, critical intellectuals, artists and progressive Quranic studies specialists, journalists and secularists, agnostics and confessing atheists, enlightened thinkers, women's rights and human rights activists as well as adherents of non-recognized minorities.

The 9th updated edition of the Combo (set of 2 Books) 19 Previous Year NDA/ NA English, General Knowledge & Mathematics Topic-wise Solved Papers (2006 - 2024) contains 37 Question papers of Mathematics held from April 2006 to September 2024. # The complete syllabus of NDA/ NA is divided into 56 Topics - Mathematics (24 Topics), English (8 Topics) & General Knowledge (24 Topics). # The Book consists of more than 9990 MCQs - Mathematics (4440 MCQs), English (1850 MCQs) & General Knowledge (3700 MCQs) - distributed among 56 Topics. # The strength of the book lies in the originality of its question papers and Errorless Solutions. # The Book provides detailed step-by step solutions to provide 100% concept clarity to the students.

Volume 1 (A and B) covers international organizations throughout the world, comprising their aims, activities and events.

Language learning and teaching Indonesian language; collected articles.

The 5th updated edition of the book 19 Previous Year NDA/ NA English & General Knowledge Topic-wise Solved Papers (2006 - 2024) contains 37 Question papers of Mathematics held from April 2006 to September 2024. # The complete syllabus of NDA/ NA is divided into 32 Topics - English (8 Topics) & General Knowledge (24 Topics). # The Book consists of more than 5550 MCQs - English (1850 MCQs) & General Knowledge (3700 MCQs) - distributed among 32 Topics. # The strength of the book lies in the originality of its question papers and Errorless Solutions. # The Book provides detailed step-by step solutions to provide 100% concept clarity to the students.

Understanding World Religions studies major worldviews in relation to justice and peace: Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, Jewish, Christian, Marxist, and Native American. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is given as a case study for how worldviews impact justice and peace. Further chapters explore Christian social teaching, liberation theologies, active nonviolence, and just war theory.

#NDA/ NA 17 year Topic-wise Solved Papers (2006 - 2022) consists of last 17 years from 2006 - 2022 solved papers of General Ability Test distributed into 33 topics. #In all there are 31 Question papers (2006 April - 2022 April). #General Ability Test is divided into 2 parts – English and General Knowledge. #English is divided into 9 topics whereas General Knowledge is divided into 7 Units – Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Polity, Geography and General Awareness - which are further divided into 24 topics. #The book contains 4650 MCQ’s (1550 in English & 3100 in GK) from the above 31 Question papers. #The strength of the book lies in the originality of its question papers and Errorless Solutions. #The solution of each and every question is provided in detail (step-by-step) so as to provide 100% concept clarity to the students.