Surviving Hypoxia: Mechanisms of Control and Adaptation is a synthesis of findings and thoughts concerning hypoxia. The thermodynamics of hypoxia are discussed in detail, including acid-base balance and self-pollution resulting from the accumulation of anaerobic end-products. The book focuses on descriptions and discussions of common facets, contrasting solutions in a variety of physiological hypoxia defense strategies, including those shown by plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Special treatment is given to the distinctive problems that hypoxia presents to vulnerable organs such as the kidney, liver, and brain. It also addresses pathological events in addition to protective mechanisms. Clinical implications of basic research are examined in the book, which provides new insights into underlying pathological processes occuring in hypoxic-induced organ failure and indicates new paths for successful clinical intervention. Surviving Hypoxia: Mechanisms of Control and Adaptation is an excellent reference for all researchers interested in the physiological effects of hypoxia, underlying pathological events, and protective mechanisms.

This book presents recent and significant research from around the world dedicated to brain hypoxia-ischemia which is a disorder characterised by a reduction in oxygen supply (hypoxia) combined with reduced blood flow (ischemia) to the brain. This condition may result from a localised obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ischemic attack, transient; brain infarction; brain edema; coma; and other conditions.

Issues in Biomedical Engineering Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Biomedical Engineering Research and Application. The editors have built Issues in Biomedical Engineering Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Biomedical Engineering Research and Application in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Biomedical Engineering Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

The image is modified based on Figure 1a of Lucey et al. (this Research Topic) and Figure 7b of Niemi et al. (this Research Topic). (A) Graphical depiction of atmospheric warming and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2atm), which drives ocean warming, contribute to the decreases in dissolved oxygen (DO), and lowers pH and saturation state index of calcium carbonate (Ω). The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) increases due to increasing atmospheric CO2 that is absorbed into the seawater (i.e., ocean acidification), along with other biological processes in the marine environment. (B) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image showing dissolution on pteropod shells collected in the Amundsen Gulf in the Canadian Arctic, in 2017. Lucey N, Haskett E and Collin R (2020) Multi-stressor Extremes Found on a Tropical Coral Reef Impair Performance. Front. Mar. Sci. 7:588764. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.588764 Niemi A, Bednaršek N, Michel C, Feely RA, Williams W, Azetsu-Scott K, Walkusz W and Reist JD (2021) Biological Impact of Ocean Acidification in the Canadian Arctic: Widespread Severe Pteropod Shell Dissolution in Amundsen Gulf. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:600184. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.600184

This volume provides a comprehensive survey of the biology of fish. It also includes contemporary studies in environmental changes affecting fish.

Written by leading experts from the fields of neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and medical physics, this book is the definitive reference for clinical applications of state-of-the-art radiosurgery of the spine. It discusses the benefits as well as the limitations of current spine radiosurgery treatments for benign and malignant spine disorders, primary and metastatic tumors, and spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. The opening chapters present the essential background information on relevant spinal cord radiobiology, physics, and technology, followed by chapters on specific applications of spine radiosurgery covering indications, techniques, outcomes, and possible complications. Highlights: Practical guidelines on radiosurgery target delineation, dose selection and escalation, patient immobilization, and quality assurance Comprehensive discussion of the design of various radiosurgical devices and the technical approaches recommended for the use of each More than 100 illustrations, most in full-color, to demonstrate key concepts This is a must-have resource for clinicians, medical physicists, fellows, and residents in neurosurgery and radiation oncology. Spine surgeons, orthopaedists, and oncologists at all levels of expertise will also benefit from the wealth of information provided in this book.

Biology and ecophysiology of fishes of the Amazon. Ecophysiological aspects of Amazonian blackwater litterbank fish communities. Electric signalling and communication in weakly electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) of South America. Reproductive biology of piranhas (Teleostei, Characiformes). Larval development in the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and the curimatã-pacú (Prochilodus marggravii). Physiological responses to hypoxia and pH changes. Surviving low oxygen levels: Lessons from fishes of the Amazon. Hemoglobin adaptations in Amazonian and temperature fish with special reference to hypoxia, allosteric effectors and functional heterogeneity. Acid excretion in Amazonian fish. The interaction between O2 and CO2 exchange in the obligate air breather, Arapaima gigas, and the facultative air breather, Lipossarcus pardalis. Ion regulation in ion poor waters of low pH. Ammonia excretion in fish adapted to an ion-poor environment. The hemoglobins of two species of the genus Hypophthalmus (Siluriformes, Hypophthalmidae). Control of ventilation in air-breathing fish. Cardiorespiratory function and aquatic surface respiration in Colossoma macropomum exposed to graded and acute hypoxia. Morpho-functional adaptations of gills in tropical fish. Ventilatory flow relative to intrabuccal and intraopercular volumes in two ecologically distinct erythrinids (Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplias lacerdae) exposed to normoxia and graded hypoxia. Aquatic respiration during hypoxia of the facultative air-breathing Holerythrinus unitaeniatus. A comparison with the water-breathing Hoplias malabaricus. Cardiovascular physiology in lungfishes. Oxygen sensing and metablic regulation: short, intermediate, and long term roles. Respiration in fishes of the Amazon: metabolic adjustments to chronic hypoxia. Cardiac energy metabolism in teleosts and marine elasmobranchs: Where do freshwater elasmobranchs fit?. Antioxidant defenses in fishes of the Amazon...