This book makes a micro-study ofco-relation between farm-diversity and land reform through various significantissues, concepts, review of literature from First Five Year Plan to the Tenth Planin a lucid, simple and systematic manner.

Contempt Of Court, Because Of Its Controversial Nature, Has Created Contradictory Opinions Among The Jurists As Well As Scholars. The Contempt Jurisprudence With The Common Law Origin Has Been Transmitted Into The Indian Jurisprudence By The Courts Of Record Through Several Charters. Our Constitution Has Acknowledged And Accepted This Jurisdiction By Conferring The Status Of Court Of Record To The Supreme Court And High Courts. A Country Embedded In The Concept Of Rule Of Law Should Give Due Respect To The Law And The Organ Which Applies The Law And Administers Justice. This Organ Which Possesses Neither The Muscle Power Nor The Money Power Has To Extract Due Obedience To Its Orders Only Through This Jurisdiction. But Difficulty Arises When This Jurisdiction Clashes With The Invaluable Rights Of Citizens As Well As Those Of The Press, As Enshrined In The Constitution. It Becomes All The More Difficult When It Interferes With The Functioning Of Administrative Authorities, Corporations And The Like. It Poses Different Questions. What Constitutes A Contempt Of Court? When And How This Jurisdiction Has To Be Exercised? In What Way Is The Judiciary, One Of The Organs Of The State, Justified In Controlling Other Organs Of The State And Also Rights Of Citizens In The Name Of Contempt Jurisdiction?No Indepth Study Has Been Undertaken So Far To Ascertain The Answer To The Above Questions. The Author Has Made Sincere And Humble Attempt To Cull Out Answers To The Above Questions In The Light Of Judicial Interpretations.The Concept Of Criminal Contempt, Which Includes Prejudicing Fair Trial Or Interfering With The Administration Of Justice Or Scandalising The Court, Is Analysed In Relation To The Rights Of Individuals And Those Of The Press. The Concept Of Civil Contempt, Which Includes Disobedience To The Orders Of The Court Or Breach Of An Undertaking, Is Analysed In Relation To The Administrative Authorities And Corporations, Individuals And Subordinate Judiciary.The Existing Political And Social Scenario Requires A Comprehensive Understanding Of This Branch Of Law To Eliminate Its Possible Misinterpretation. It Is Hoped That The Observations And Suggestions Made By The Author Will Be Of Immense Help And Of Use For Students, Lawyers, Law Teachers And Administrators.

understanding Mantras explores the origin, nature, function, and significance of mantras within the bounds of the hindu tradition. It analyses the use of mantras in the Vedic age in the gtreat theistic movements of Saivism and Vaisnavism, and in Tantra. A brief introduction by Alper outlines the major controversies in Western scholarship concerning the nature of mantras and gives an insightful and suggestive paradigm for resolving the issues. It approaches a bibliography on all of Hinduism and will serve as an invaluable tool for future research.

Humans are exclusively gifted by nature with some anatomical features that give humans an immense capacity to render complex speech. The book explores origin of speech right from the Hyoid bone that exalted human communication into a higher orbit, and then moves onto science and technology behind the development of communication, leading finally to the emergence of mass media, i.e., newspapers. It covers Gutenberg’s marvelous machine which printed Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses, the first voice of dissent in the world against the most powerful Catholic Church. 17th century natural philosopher Francis Bacon recognized three great technological innovations: the magnetic compass, the printing press and gunpowder as the distinguishing achievements of modern man. The present book discusses in detail one of the epoch-making inventions: the printing press and its natural progression into newspapers, its impact on societies of the world, its struggle to align itself against the worst of maneuvers to silence the press in the different time spans of history. The first Indian newspaper Hicky’s Gazette by James Augustus Hicky in 1780 and from there a 200-year span has been covered in detail, which comprises the following chapters: Role of science and technology in the development of recording information from oral matrix to printed matrix Meteoric rise and mercurial fall of Hicky British control over Indian newspapers, gagging of the Indian press and Vernacular Press Act Role of Gandhi as a journalist Role of Indian newspapers in the independence struggle, including the history of nationalist newspaper GHADAR: call of mutiny in India from abroad Dubious Working of the East India Company Monitoring of Indian publications in London Emergency, when democracy was wounded