The rise of the Bolsheviks is an epic Russian story that now has a definitive end. The major historian of the subject, Adam Ulam, has enlarged his classic work with a new Preface that puts the revolutionary moment, and especially Lenin, in perspective for our modern age.

The aims of this work are to examine the political, economic, financial and normative reasoning used by the governments and key departments of state of the three main victors of the First World War - the United States, Britain and France - in their decision-making on the question of whether or not to trade with the Soviet Union in the inter-war years; and to put the debate about Russian trade within these countries into the wider context of the domestic political and economic problems facing them and, in particular, to examine how the economic legacy of the Revolution, especially the denunciation of all Czarist-era debts to the West and the confiscation of Western property in the Soviet Union, as well as the question of concessions, discussion of which parallelled the debate on trade.

This comparative historical sociology of the Bolshevik revolutionaries offers a reinterpretation of political radicalization in the last years of the Russian Empire. Finding that two-thirds of the Bolshevik leadership were ethnic minorities - Ukrainians, Latvians, Georgians, Jews and others - this book examines the shared experiences of assimilation and socioethnic exclusion that underlay their class universalism. It suggests that imperial policies toward the Empire's diversity radicalized class and ethnicity as intersectional experiences, creating an assimilated but excluded elite: lower-class Russians and middle-class minorities universalized particular exclusions as they disproportionately sustained the economic and political burdens of maintaining the multiethnic Russian Empire. The Bolsheviks' social identities and routes to revolutionary radicalism show especially how a class-universalist politics was appealing to those seeking secularism in response to religious tensions, a universalist politics where ethnic and geopolitical insecurities were exclusionary, and a tolerant 'imperial' imaginary where Russification and illiberal repressions were most keenly felt.

For generations in the West, Cold War animosity blocked dispassionate accounts of the Russian Revolution. This history authoritatively restores the upheaval's primary social actors-workers, soldiers, and peasants-to their rightful place at the center of the revolutionary process.

1st and 2nd Imperialist Wars and the approach of Bolsheviks

Based mainly on unknown Russian archival sources which have previously been unobtainable, this book analyses the Bolshevik concepts of the Chinese revolution and their reception in China. Issues include the role of the three Bolshevik leaders, Lenin, Stalin, and Trotsky in trying to lead the Chinese Communists to victory, the real nature of the Trotsky-Stalin split in the Comintern, and a dramatic history of the Chinese Oppositionist movement in Soviet Russia.

This book explores the events of the Bolshevik Revolution, issues surrounding Bolshevik support or oppression of the working class, and the impact of Bolshevism on Russia and the world. Personal narratives from people who experienced the revolution are included. Narratives include the words of none-other-than Nikolai Podvoisky, a key leader of the Bolshevik revolutionaries, where he describes their takeover of the Winter Palace. In another compelling personal essay, an American-born Russian princess describes her escape from Bolshevik violence.

Shows that the Russian Civil War was not a struggle between a Communist future and a Tsarist past but rather was a bloody fight among diverse factions in a postrevolutionary state. Focusing on the sparsely populated Arkhangelsk region in northern Russia, Novikova shows that the anti-Bolshevik government there, which held out from 1918 to early 1920, was a revolutionary alternative bolstered by broad popular support.