Civil Procedure Rules at 20 is a collection of presentations and papers to mark the 20th anniversary of the CPR coming into force, many of which were delivered orally at the CPR at 20 Conference at the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights, at Mansfield College, Oxford, in 2019. The presentations and papers have been edited and extended to provide a permanent record available to a wider audience. The book is dedicated to examining key challenges and changes facing the civil justice system, marking the 20th anniversary of the current civil procedures governing civil litigation in England and Wales. It addresses a range of technical, political, and controversial subjects on access to justice and the rules governing civil litigation, including the digitization of the justice system and the future role of artificial intelligence; the emergence of class actions; disclosure rules and reform; restrictions on Judicial Review challenges to Government decisions; closed material proceedings; and efforts to make the costs of civil litigation more affordable and proportional, including the availability of legal aid. With a Foreword by Lord Briggs, the contributions come from those best qualified to tell this story, from senior judges, practitioners, and leading academic scholars each with their own unique perspective.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Civil procedure law is integral to our understanding of access routes to justice, dispute resolution, and ultimately the rule of law. However, the field is rapidly changing, shifting dispute resolution away from courts and judgments, towards other legal pathways such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration and Ombudsman. Similarly, the increasing digitisation of society and looming potential of AI will profoundly influence future reforms. Civil justice is thus at a critical turning point. In response, John Sorabji proposes a new model civil procedure code for England and Wales. Building on the work of the ALI/UNIDROIT Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure and the ELI-UNIDROIT Model European Rules of Civil Procedure, he articulates a simplified, principle-based, seventeen-part approach that covers all major stages from issue to enforcement, with sections on costs and funding, provisional measures, access to evidence and privileges, case statements, hearings, and dispute management. Highlighting that civil courts are just one part of a wider civil justice ecosystem, Sorabji promotes the wealth of avenues available for dispute resolution and charts how these should be co-ordinated in the future. He outlines new ways to efficiently incorporate breakthroughs in digitisation and preventive and consensual forms of justice, and also explores likely shifts in the purpose of procedural codes as digitisation evolves, while underscoring the consistent need for judicial independence and accountability. Ultimately, Sorabji posits that procedural codes should guide not only the process of litigation, but those who design digital procedures and test their propriety in the future.

Civil Procedure provides an indispensable guide both to students of civil procedure at all levels as well as practitioners who regularly have to grapple with the CPR.

The book, written with the author's extensive teaching experience at The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, (NUJS) Kolkata and Department of Law, University of Calcutta, attempts to critically analyse Indian High Courts and Supreme Court cases on Code of Civil Procedure. It also evaluates the relationship between statutory procedural law and case law as a subject. The book's presentation of recent Supreme Court and High Court rulings is its primary attraction. These rulings have been examined, along with the critical analysis of the radical and extensive effects of the Code. This book is divided into six parts and is clear and well-structured. Part I develops theoretical foundations of the subject. Part II demonstrates certain important issues on the (i) scope of jurisdiction of civil courts to entertain disputes, (ii) principles governing res sub judice, res judicata and foreign judgment, (iii) nature of powers exercised by civil courts in matters relating to place of suing, institution of suit, transfer of cases, withdrawal and compromise of suits, (iv) necessary conditions for first hearing, interim order, trial as well as special suits, (v) scope and ambit of law relating to pleadings, appearance and non-appearance of parties, discovery, inspection, production of documents, death, marriage, insolvency of parties, judgment and decrees. Part III explores various issues on appeals, reference, review and revision. In this part an attempt has also been made to discuss different facets of law on first appeals, second appeals, appeals from orders, appeals by indigent persons and appeals to the Supreme Court. Part IV discusses various principles on execution. Part V deals with miscellaneous issues on the Law of Civil Procedure. Part VI includes commercial courts and their procedure as well as the law of limitation. Like the first edition, it is intended that this second edition would be helpful to LLB and LLM students, researchers, academicians, jurists, attorneys, judges, and members of civil society. KEY FEATURES OF SECOND EDITION 1. Written with case analysis method. 2. Demonstrates authoritative discussion on appeal, reference, review, and revision. 3. Examines the contemporary significance of inherent powers of the courts. 4. Explores a detailed discussion on the law of limitation including computation of period of limitation. 5. Critically analyses the establishment of commercial courts and highlights the significant changes in the Code of Civil Procedure. TARGET AUDIENCE • Students of LLB and LLM • Researchers, Academicians, Jurists, Attorneys, Judges, and Members of Civil Society.

This textbook provides a comprehensive account of the most important new Civil Procedure Rules, Practice Directions and Pre-action Protocols, which make up our newly reformed civil procedure system. The substance of the rules are considered in detail and their effect explained to make it clear how they operate in practice. Case law is examined to demonstrate how the court applies the rules in practice. The Woolf Reforms are used to explain the rationale of the new system.; The book provides not only a clear guide to the meaning of the new rules but also a vital insight into the new culture, typified by case management, proportionality and the overriding objective, which has fundamentally reformed the principles on which our civil procedure system is based. A critique is given of the merits of the reforms and the likelihood that they will achieve their objectives.

Forensic Gait Analysis examines the inter-section of podiatric medicine with forensic investigation—that which links or dissociates a suspect to a crime through analysis of their gait, that is their movement—how an individual walks, runs, and bends. This book provides a concise explanation of how an individual's gait and biomechanics are forensically analysed and compared, using video imagery in the process of human identification and investigations. Along with the presentation and delivery of material with case law references illustrating the use of expert evidence. Gait analysis is a long-standing component of the diagnostic and therapeutic tool set of medical disciplines, although the knowledge goes back much further. The area has also captured the interest of technology engineers and others, as the development and use of forensic gait analysis as an investigative and evidential device continues to widen. Features: • Presents succinct knowledge on forensic gait analysis. • 100+ illustrations with photographs and diagrams; over 850 references. • Considers the technical and scientific basis of the field including, the history of gait, musculoskeletal, neurology, emotions and gait, forensic statistics, photogrammetry, and recognises the trajectory of development into IT and software solutions. • Coverage on CCTV imagery and other video footage for use in the process of identification and investigations. • Details are provided on report writing and giving expert evidence in the legal systems. • Contributors across all subject areas. This definitive fully referenced text on Forensic Gait Analysis is a welcome publication for healthcare professionals, lawyers, counsel, investigators, forensic practitioners, and students wishing to know more on the subject and this growing domain.