The Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, in its 2007 edition, treats two major topic areas: litigation and dispute resolution and banking and finance. The litigation and dispute resolution section examines various issues relating to international arbitration, such as the status of non-signatories, the employment of electronic discovery, the use of expert evidence, and costs. It further surveys the recognition of enforcement of foreign judgments in Italy, developments in litigation in Australia, Anton Pilar Orders and Internet defamation, and Italian conflict-of-law rules. The banking and finance section of the Yearbook examines Austrian capital maintenance rules, bank secrecy in Israel, and broker-dealer and investment banking strategies. Miscellaneous articles deal with Mexicoand’s commercial bankruptcy law, Slovakiaand’s new bankruptcy legislation, trade marks and the Madrid Protocol, trade mark registration in Hong Kong, franchising in Italy, data protection, Spanish antitrust legislation, and cartel enforcement in Australia.

With this edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International business, experienced practitioners examine a wide range of issues relating to corporate and investment law in Taiwan, Serbia, Switzerland, Japan, Greece, Germany, and the European Union, deal with franchising issues in Ukraine, Spain, Italy, and the review aspects of Internet governance and liability. In the Miscellaneous section of the Yearbook, practitioners review bankruptcy and insolvency in Arab countries, employment of expatriates in Nigeria, exchange controls in Venezuela, regulation of natural gas markets in Greece, and insurance mediation in Spain.

This edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business provides a general examination of issues vital to the world's economic recovery. In the field of company law, practitioners examine changes in Russia's corporate law and the new Ukrainian law governing joint-stock companies. In the area of competition law, lawyers review Serbia and Bulgaria's new laws on the protection of competition and the private enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 in Europe's national courts. Dispute resolution occupies two chapters, one dealing with best practices for drafting arbitration clauses and the other set aside, recognition, and enforcement of private commercial arbitration awards. A further two chapters treat employment and labor matters relating to distribution and commercial representation, indemnity upon termination, and processing personal data in the employment context of Hungary. In the area of financial services, practitioners from five jurisdictions deal with fiduciary duty, the European Commission's proposed Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers, Swiss disclosure rules on significant shareholdings, restructuring and refinancing routes for mortgage-secured debt in Spain, and insurance laws and regulations in Nigeria. Foreign investment is examined by two authors, reporting on 2008 and 2009 developments in investment treaty disputes and foreign investment in Indonesia. Intellectual property issues are reviewed in chapters relating to the use of intellectual property as collateral in secured financing and intellectual property licensing in Canada. Finally, lawyers treaty a variety of other issues, including the tax law of Liechtenstein, European Union-Israel trade in the automobile sector, insolvency risk and creditors' rights in Peru, the modernizing of trust law in Hong Kong and bridging cultural differences in international Transactions.

In this thirty-eighth volume of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, once again practitioners and experts in a variety of legal fields examine issues from national and regional perspectives. Authors from Germany, Japan, Nigeria, and Poland deal with issues relating to data protection and privacy. Investment and infrastructure topics are examined by authors from Brazil, Colombia, Greece, and the United States. Subjects ranging from corporate responsibility, patent infringement litigation, and credit portfolio transfers to medical and family leave, food and beverage product representations, and distribution agreements are treated by authors from Belgium, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, and the United States.

Conflict avoidance and resolution have always been primary purposes of the law. Satisfaction with judicial processes has declined in many jurisdictions. After the diversion of many disputes from courts to arbitral tribunals, arbitration has now also become a target of intense criticism.This dissatisfaction with binding third party adjudication of disputes coincides with rising tensions among citizens asking basic questions about what they can expect from each other and their governments in a constantly changing world. One response has been the proliferation of processes between disputing parties that are structured and interactive negotiation and assisted by a neutral third party using specialized negotiation and communication techniques. These processes have been labelled “mediation”. While mediation is not focused on the identification and application of legal rights and duties in the way that adjudication is, its success remains dependent on a legal framework which is still evolving in most jurisdictions and especially across borders. In this edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, lawyers from nine jurisdictions examine developments relating not only to the framework for cross-border mediation, such as the Singapore Convention or inter-State disputes, or relating to their countries’ overall approaches to regulating this method of dispute resolution, but also relating to specific issues, such as mediator ethics and conflicts of interest, and even exploring the neural science of conflict dynamics.

Shareholder liability was once discussed only in terms of liability for the debts of the corporation in which the shareholders hold interest. That is now a shifting scene, influenced in the main by the emergence of shareholder activism and derivative litigation, with its attendant increase of risk for officers and directors, and “fee shifting” provisions in corporate bylaws, allowing corporations to seek legal fees from unsuccessful shareholder plaintiffs. In this edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook for International Business, practitioners from 10 jurisdictions examine recent developments in shareholder liability. The introductory chapter “Liability of Shareholders in Modern Company Law”, sets the stage for reports from Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Croatia, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Portugal, and the United States.

The Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, published under the aegis of the Center for International Legal Studies, Austria, in this 44th volume, aims to add to the contemporary discourse by exploring a wide array of challenges faced in the arena of business law. It serves to provide insight to business law practitioners and academics on the latest developments. The following topics have been discussed: How uniformity of the treaties and conventions is compromised after they are subjected to the varied interpretation of domestic law. How the contractual laws of different jurisdictions deal with situations such as global health crises. The role of the World Trade Organization in enhancing the legitimacy of global economic governance within the scope of the trade laws. How the concept of naked licensing in trademark law differs in the United States, United Kingdom, and India. How the best effort clauses operate as a mechanism to deal with unenforceable obligations in pandemic-like situations and how it is difficult to implement and comply with the same. Whether PRIME Finance is the last link in the global governance of financial institutions on international law-making or just a part of the social circle. Whether mediation should be made compulsory for all commercial litigation cases or is it time for the new rendition of Halsey v. Milton Keynes? The legal challenges faced by the adoption of Insurtech in the Fintech Industry. How the ex-post mechanism of Corporate Insolvency and Bankruptcy laws differs with respect to the rights and position of creditors in the liquidation process in India and Germany. How the Corporate Governance Code varies across different jurisdictions such as Mainland China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Japan, and Germany. How the international investment law uncovers the inequalities between foreign investors and states, developed and developing states, and foreign and domestic investors. The authors are practitioners and academics from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, China, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Singapore, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. They provide a nuanced perspective on a large spectrum of issues witnessed in the arena of business laws.

The 2006 edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business examines issues in three major topic categories: Litigation and Dispute Resolution, Investment Vehicles, and Secured Interests in Immovables. Lawyers from Nigeria, the United States, and Ireland review the settlement of investment disputes, the impact of claims on non-United States companies, and claim and dispute resolution under FIDIC. Practitioners from Israel, Panama, Hong Kong, and Belgium treat investment vehicles such as trusts, foundations, and joint ventures and investment visas. Contributors from Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, and Mexico review the use of security in real property in their respective jurisdictions. Finally, lawyers from Brazil, Canada, the United States, Germany, South Africa, Ukraine, and Romania treat issues ranging from trade mark counterfeiting, registered designs, and telecommunications to criminality in international business transactions, outsourcing, and business immigration.