This encyclopedia looks at the first major recession of the 21st century and one of the deepest since the Great Depression itself. Its description of recession-related actors and events since its start provides an in-depth understanding of this major rupture in modern economy, forever changing, some have argued, not only the distribution of income in the United States but the balance of economic power across the globe. It describes and updates the events, actors, institutions, rules, regulations, and current impact of this global financial crisis that pushed banks, financial institutions, and corporations across the world to the edge.

Covering events such as banking crises, economic bubbles, natural disasters, trade embargoes, and depressions, this single-volume encyclopedia of major U.S. financial downturns provides readers with an event-driven understanding of the evolution of the American economy. The United States has fairly recently experienced the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. But crippling financial crises are hardly unusual: economic emergencies have occurred throughout American history and can be seen as a cyclical and "normal" (if undesirable) aspect of an economic system. This encyclopedia supplies objective, accessible, and interesting entries on 100 major U.S. financial crises from the Colonial era to today that have had tremendous domestic impact—and in many cases, global impact as well. The entries explore the history and impact of major economic events, including banking crises, economic shortages, recessions, national strikes and labor upheavals, natural resource shortages, panics, real estate bubbles, social upheavals, and the collapse of specific American industries such as rubber and steel production. Students will find this book an essential ready-reference on key events in American economic history that documents how and why these events led to significant financial and economic problems throughout the United States and around the globe.

A comprehensive four-volume resource that explains more than 800 topics within the foundations of economics, macroeconomics, microeconomics, and global economics, all presented in an easy-to-read format. As the global economy becomes increasingly complex, interconnected, and therefore relevant to each individual, in every country, it becomes more important to be economically literate—to gain an understanding of how things work beyond the microcosm of the economic needs of a single individual or family unit. This expansive reference set serves to establish basic economic literacy of students and researchers, providing more than 800 objective and factually driven entries on all the major themes and topics in economics. Written by leading scholars and practitioners, the set provides readers with a framework for understanding economics as mentioned and debated in the public forum and media. Each of the volumes includes coverage of important events throughout economic history, biographies of the major economists who have shaped the world of economics, and highlights of the legislative acts that have shaped the U.S. economy throughout history. The extensive explanations of major economic concepts combined with selected key historical primary source documents and a glossary will endow readers with a fuller comprehension of our economic world.

The Concise Encyclopedia of the Great Recession 2007-2012 brings to the present the necessary information for understanding the first major recession of the 21st century and one of the deepest since the Great Depression itself. Its description of recession-related actors and events since its start provides an in-depth understanding of this major rupture in modern economy, forever changing, some have argued, not only the distribution of income in the United States but the balance of economic power across the globe. Acclaimed by The New York Times as the "leading business and technical lexicographer in the nation" and serving as business terminology consultant to the Oxford English Dictionary for a quarter century, Jerry M. Rosenberg provides the most accurate and current explanation of this economic catastrophe of the last five years. Rosenberg describes and updates the events, actors, institutions, rules, regulations, and current impact of this global financial crisis that pushed banks, financial institutions, and corporations across the world to the edge. With entries on key individuals, companies, government programs, financial instruments, and institutions, Rosenberg provides an essential reference to the most critical recession the United States has faced since the Great Depression of the 1930s. This work is an ideal tool for scholars and students seeking more information on this major event in world history.

The Concise Encyclopedia of The Chemical Properties of Materials presents a custom collection of articles from the award-winning Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Technology (EMSAT), and includes updates and revisions not available in the original set. The chemical properties discussed in EMSAT which have selected for the present volume include production and refining processes (principally for metallic materials, but also the processes of polymerization), the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase equilibria, electrochemical reactions and gas-solid reactions. An important example of the latter process is oxidation and corrosion, and a majority of the articles included are concerned with the kinetics, themodynamics and mechanisms of corrosion (including stress corrosion) in metallic systems. Included are 114 articles discussing the chemical behaviour of a range of materials, with reference to metals and alloys, and polymers and non-oxide ceramics. Featured articles include chemically modified wood and protection against corrosion. * Each article provides a concise overview of the chosen subject, written by an internationally recognized expert. * The content includes updates and revisions that were previously available only online via ScienceDirect * Extensive bibliographies, cross-references and indexes guide the reader to additional information and further reading in the primary literature

Encompassing recent activities and events related to the U.S. economic crisis, The Concise Encyclopedia of the Great Recession 2007-2010 is a valuable resource that will help readers better plan their future. Acclaimed by the New York Times as the "leading business and technical lexicographer in the nation" and the business terminology consultant for the Oxford English Dictionary for the past twenty-five years, ferry M. Rosenberg provides the most current and accurate explanations of the economic seesaw during this period. Rosenberg explains in great detail the events, people, rules and regulations, and impact of the meltdown during the near collapse of banks, financial institutions, and corporations. With entries on key persons, companies, government programs, financial instruments, and institutions, this volume is an essential reference to the most critical recession the United States has faced since the Great Depression of the 1930's. --Book Jacket.