History passed in review along the highways of Texas in the century 1761–1860. This was the century of exploration and settlement for the big new land, and many thousands of people traveled its trails: traders, revolutionaries, missionaries, warriors, government agents, adventurers, refugees, gold seekers, prospective settlers, land speculators, army wives, and filibusters. Their reasons for coming were many and varied, and the travelers viewed the land and its people with a wide variety of reactions. Political and industrial revolution, famine, and depression drove settlers from many of the countries of Europe and many of the states of the United States. Some were displeased with what they found in Texas, but for many it was a haven, a land of renewed hope. So large was the migration of people to Texas that the land that was virtually unoccupied in 1761 numbered its population at 600,000 a century later. Several hundred of these travelers left published accounts of their impressions and adventures. Collectively the accounts tell a panoramic story of the land as its boundaries were drawn and its institutions formed. Spain gave way to Mexico, Mexico to the Republic of Texas, the Republic to statehood in the United States, and statehood in the Union was giving way to statehood in the Confederate states by 1860. The travelers’ accounts reflect these changes; but, more important, they tell the story of the receding frontier. In Travelers in Texas, 1761–1860, the author examines the Texas seen by the traveler-writer. Opening with a chapter about travel conditions in general (roads or trails, accommodations, food), she also presents at some length the travelers’ impressions of the country and its people. She then proceeds to examine particular aspects of Texas life: the Indians, slavery, immigration, law enforcement, and the individualistic character of the people, all as seen through the eyes of the travelers. The discussion concludes with a “Critical Essay on Sources,” containing bibliographic discussions of over two hundred of the more important travel accounts.

The Expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike, meticulously edited by Elliott Coues, presents a critical anthology that consists of an intricate tapestry of exploration, endurance, and scholarly pursuit. Within its pages, readers will find a rich array of documentation and commentary on the early 19th-century expeditions led by Pike. The collection transcends mere historical documentation; it embodies a literary journey that explores the myriad ways in which these explorations contributed to the nascent American identity and the expansion westward. The anthologys diverse literary styles, from diaries to letters, enrich its historical depth and provide a panoramic view of American exploration narratives, making it a significant contribution to the field of American Studies. The backgrounds of Coues and Pike, as well as the other contributors reflected in the various documents and analyses within the volume, span a vast spectrum of early American life, military expedition, and scholarly rigor. Coues, an eminent historian and ornithologist, brings a unique scholarly perspective to Pike's raw and unfiltered accounts of the American frontier. This convergence of perspectives deeply enriches the anthology's exploration of themes like sovereignty, survival, and the human relationship with untamed landscapes. The collection aligns with and contributes to the understanding of American expansionism and the early republic's exploratory fervor, showcasing how these varied voices and narratives coalesce to chart the contours of Americas westward expansion. This anthology is recommended for readers seeking to immerse themselves in the depths of Americas exploratory saga, offered through a blend of firsthand expedition accounts and scholarly analysis. The Expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike offers a unique opportunity to explore the multifaceted challenges and triumphs of early American explorers, through a lens that is both panoramic and penetrative. It invites readers not only to witness but to critically engage with the narratives of persistence, ambition, and the forging of a national identity in the rugged terrains of early America. For scholars, students, and enthusiasts of American history and literature, this collection serves as an indispensable resource that fosters a deeper understanding of the American spirit.