-- With support from the Arts and Humanities Research Council of the UK and the Deutsches Historisches Institut Moskau --The French Language in Russia provides the fullest examination and discussion to date of the adoption of the French language by the elites of imperial Russia during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is interdisciplinary, approaching its subject from the angles of various kinds of history and historical sociolinguistics. Beyond its bearing on some of the grand narratives of Russian thought and literature, this book may afford more general insight into the social, political, cultural, and literary implications and effects of bilingualism in a speech community over a long period. It should also enlarge understanding of francophonie as a pan-European phenomenon. On the broadest plane, it has significance in an age of unprecedented global connectivity, for it invites us to look beyond the experience of a single nation and the social groups and individuals within it in order to discover how languages and the cultures and narratives associated with them have been shared across national boundaries.

This volume explores the impact of French on Russian language attitudes, especially among the literary community. It examines the ways in which perceptions of Russian francophonie helped to shape social, political and cultural identity as Russia began to seek space of its own in the European cultural landscape.

This is the first of two companion volumes which examine language use and language attitudes in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Russia, focusing on the transitional period from the Enlightenment to the age of Pushkin.

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This is Learn Russian English French Speaking 10,000 sentences with useful 46 patterns.It consists of ten thousand Conversations in Russian, English, French that are very useful.This is Common and frequently used 10,000 Phrase Book in Russian English French language.You can dialogues and speak Russian, English, French very well if you learn and study it.ContentsUnit 01 - I'm..., I am... - Number 1Unit 02 - I will..., I won't..., I am going to ..., Are you going to ... Number - 1007Unit 03 - I wish..., I would ..., I wouldn't ... - Number - 1154Unit 04 - I went - Number - 1264Unit 05 - Are you...? Aren't you ....? You are ..., You aren't ... - Number - 1285Unit 06 Can ... ? - Number - 1570Unit 07 - Would you ...? - Number - 1752Unit 08 - I can... I can't..., I can not ..., I could ..., I couldn't - Number - 1805Unit 09 - Is ..? Isn't... ? - Number - 2194Unit 10 - That's ... - Number - 2472Unit 11 - Let's ... - Number - 2656Unit 12 - Don't ... - Number - 2755Unit 13 - If ... - Number - 3014Unit 14 - There ..., These ... - Number - 3116Unit 15 - It's... - Number - 3561Unit 16 - I like ..., I don't like... - Number - 3976Unit 17 - I think ..., I thought ... Do you think...? - Number - 4204Unit 18 - I want ... Do you want...? - Number - 4392Unit 19 - I know ..., I don't know ..., Do you know ...? - Number - 4742Unit 20 - I need ..., You don't need to..., Do you need ...? - Number - 5057Unit 21 - Would you ...? - Number - 5169Unit 22 - I feel..., You look..., It seems like... - Number - 5268Unit 23 - Thank you ..., I really ... - Number - 5421Unit 24 - What...? - Number - 5534Unit 25 When ...? - Number - 6268Unit 26 - Where ...? - Number - 6370Unit 27 - Which ...? - Number - 6622Unit 28 - Who ... ? - Number - 6651Unit 29 - Whose ... ? - Number - 6841Unit 30 - Why ... ? - Number - 6876Unit 31 - How ... ? - Number - 7106Unit 32 - I should ..., What should ... ? - Number - 7589Unit 33 - have to ..., You had better... - Number - 7619Unit 34 - Have you ... ?, have been ... - Number - 7717Unit 35 - I was ..., I wasn't ..., I wish ... - Number - 7834Unit 36 - This is ..., This isn't ... - Number - 8046Unit 37 - I have ..., I have not ... - Number - 8295Unit 38 - I want ..., Do you want ...? - Number - 8751Unit 39 - May ... ?, You may ..., You must ... - Number - 9086Unit 40 - Do you ... ? - Number - 9253Unit 41 - Have you ... ? - Number - 9682Unit 42 - Please ... - Number - 9782Unit 43 - Are you sure... ?, I am sure..., I enjoy ..., Did you enjoy ...?, I never ... - Number - 9982Unit 44 - I hope ..., I wonder ..., It tastes ... - Number - 10031Unit 45 - Could ... ? - Number - 10079Unit 46 - I often ... - Number - 10121

This is the second of two companion volumes which examine language use and language attitudes in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Russia, focusing on the transitional period from the Enlightenment to the age of Pushkin. Set against the background of the rapid transformation of Russia into a major European power, the two volumes of French and Russian in Imperial Russia consider the functions of multilingualism and the use of French as a prestige language among the elite, as well as the benefits of Franco-Russian bilingualism and the anxieties to which it gave rise. This second volume, Language Attitudes and Identity, explores the impact of French on Russian language attitudes, especially among the literary community. It examines the ways in which perceptions of Russian francophonie helped to shape social, political and cultural identity as Russia began to seek space of its own in the European cultural landscape. In the process, it investigates approaches to translation, journalistic debate about language, literary representation of devotees of French social practice and fashion, and manifestations of linguistic purism and patriotism.A comprehensive and original contribution to the multidisciplinary study of language, the two volumes address, from a historical viewpoint, subjects of relevance to sociolinguists (especially bilingualism and multilingualism), social and cultural historians (social and national identity, linguistic and cultural borrowing), Slavists (the relationship of Russian and western culture) and students of the European Enlightenment, Neo-Classicism, Romanticism and cultural nationalism.

This book seeks to establish the degree to which Gallicisms permeated the Russian language in the eighteenth century. The largest group of borrowings were the semantic and phraseological calques. In order to examine this influence, the author has selected scores of examples from the original works, translations and correspondence of Russian writers from the 1730s to the end of the century. The calques analysed belong to various registers of the literary language, from the prose used in essays and correspondence to the most lyrical form found in poetry and certain translations. This book concludes that the French influence was overwhelming and fully enhanced the Russian literary language that was developed during this period.

This is Learn French English Russian Speaking 10,000 sentences with useful 46 patterns.It consists of ten thousand Conversations in French, English, Russian that are very useful.This is Common and frequently used 10,000 Phrase Book in French English Russian language.You can dialogues and speak French, English, Russian very well if you learn and study it.ContentsUnit 01 - I'm..., I am... - Number 1Unit 02 - I will..., I won't..., I am going to ..., Are you going to ... Number - 1007Unit 03 - I wish..., I would ..., I wouldn't ... - Number - 1154Unit 04 - I went - Number - 1264Unit 05 - Are you...? Aren't you ....? You are ..., You aren't ... - Number - 1285Unit 06 Can ... ? - Number - 1570Unit 07 - Would you ...? - Number - 1752Unit 08 - I can... I can't..., I can not ..., I could ..., I couldn't - Number - 1805Unit 09 - Is ..? Isn't... ? - Number - 2194Unit 10 - That's ... - Number - 2472Unit 11 - Let's ... - Number - 2656Unit 12 - Don't ... - Number - 2755Unit 13 - If ... - Number - 3014Unit 14 - There ..., These ... - Number - 3116Unit 15 - It's... - Number - 3561Unit 16 - I like ..., I don't like... - Number - 3976Unit 17 - I think ..., I thought ... Do you think...? - Number - 4204Unit 18 - I want ... Do you want...? - Number - 4392Unit 19 - I know ..., I don't know ..., Do you know ...? - Number - 4742Unit 20 - I need ..., You don't need to..., Do you need ...? - Number - 5057Unit 21 - Would you ...? - Number - 5169Unit 22 - I feel..., You look..., It seems like... - Number - 5268Unit 23 - Thank you ..., I really ... - Number - 5421Unit 24 - What...? - Number - 5534Unit 25 When ...? - Number - 6268Unit 26 - Where ...? - Number - 6370Unit 27 - Which ...? - Number - 6622Unit 28 - Who ... ? - Number - 6651Unit 29 - Whose ... ? - Number - 6841Unit 30 - Why ... ? - Number - 6876Unit 31 - How ... ? - Number - 7106Unit 32 - I should ..., What should ... ? - Number - 7589Unit 33 - have to ..., You had better... - Number - 7619Unit 34 - Have you ... ?, have been ... - Number - 7717Unit 35 - I was ..., I wasn't ..., I wish ... - Number - 7834Unit 36 - This is ..., This isn't ... - Number - 8046Unit 37 - I have ..., I have not ... - Number - 8295Unit 38 - I want ..., Do you want ...? - Number - 8751Unit 39 - May ... ?, You may ..., You must ... - Number - 9086Unit 40 - Do you ... ? - Number - 9253Unit 41 - Have you ... ? - Number - 9682Unit 42 - Please ... - Number - 9782Unit 43 - Are you sure... ?, I am sure..., I enjoy ..., Did you enjoy ...?, I never ... - Number - 9982Unit 44 - I hope ..., I wonder ..., It tastes ... - Number - 10031Unit 45 - Could ... ? - Number - 10079Unit 46 - I often ... - Number - 10121

Russian intellectual discourse on the French Revolution as a representation of the West rather than a symbol of revolution.