This open access book presents three future consumption trends—technology, sustainability, and wellbeing—and discusses what impact those trends will have on the ways we shop. What will be important to the consumers of the future? And how will their retail experiences look and feel? Will technology, sustainability, and wellbeing trends fundamentally change how we consume? And how should retail managers respond to these trends in order to provide the customer experiences of the future? Blending academic perspectives with reflections from innovative retailers, this book explores all these questions and more. Essential reading for retail managers who want to know how future consumption trends will affect the industry, this book also benefits students and researchers of retail and consumption who want to better understand how these interdependent fields are linked.

Economics is sometimes divided into two parts: positive economics and normative economics. The former deals with how the economic problem is solved, while the latter deals with how the economic problem should be solved. The effects of price or rent control on the distribution of income are problems of positive economics. The desirability of these effects on income distribution is a problem of normative economics. Within economics, the major division is between monetary theory and price theory. Monetary theory deals with the level of prices in general, with cyclical and other fluctuations in total output, total employment, and the like. Price theory deals with the allocation of resources among different uses, the price of one item relative to another. Prices do three kinds of things. They transmit information, they provide an incentive to users of resources to be guided by this information, and they provide an incentive to owners of resources to follow this information. Milton Friedman's classic book provides the theoretical underpinning for and understanding of prices. Economics is not concerned solely with economic problems. It is a social science, and is therefore concerned primarily with those economic problems whose solutions involve the cooperation and interaction of different individuals. It is concerned with problems involving a single individual only insofar as the individual's behavior has implications for or effects upon other individuals. Price Theory is concerned not with economic problems in the abstract, but with how a particular society solves its economic problems.

This book is a rigorous, yet nonmathematical analysis of key macroeconomic issues faced by emerging economies. The first part develops an analytical framework that can be used as a workhorse model to study short-run macroeconomic issues of stabilization and adjustment in such economies, comparable to the IS-LM framework widely used in intermediate-level macroeconomics textbooks for industrial countries. The rest of the book considers fiscal issues, financial sector issues, and issues concerning exchange rate regimes and policies. In the fiscal area, the focus is on the formulation of intertemporal policies, i.e. fiscal sustainability, seigniorage, and the roles of central bank independence and privatization of public enterprises in achieving fiscal credibility. The analysis of the financial sector examines its role in promoting welfare and growth. Finally, the book explores recent developments in the theory of appropriate exchange rate regimes and management, and provides an overview of currency crises.

This carefully constructed textbook empowers the reader with an understanding of fundamental economic concepts. There are 31 ?one-concept? chapters. Each short chapter highlights one economic principle. The student can study one concept and be reinforced by the learning process before proceeding to another. The writing is lucid and at the student's level. Self-review exercises conclude each chapter. The text is well integrated to show the relationship among the basic concepts and to offer a comprehensive overview of economics. The one-concept chapters provide organizational flexibility for the instructor. There are eight modules: The Economic Problem; Price Determination; Behind the Supply Curve; Measuring the Economy, The Level of Income; Money; Trade; Conclusion.A study guide is available on line without charge. Each chapter in the text has a corresponding chapter in the study guide as well as an introduction to graphing.

The 8th Edition of Contemporary Economics continues to offer a clear, concise presentation of basic micro- and macroeconomic theory. Emphasising how the discipline of economics connects to the world, the book takes a friendly and accessible tone, illustrating theory with applications. This new edition comes with updated applications and data to reflect the changing world events since the previous edition was published. With a vast range of updated applications, the handbook uses real world, globally relevant examples that make the subject easy to understand. New and updated topics include: Energy and oil Economic sanctions on Russia and Iran The Eurozone Crisis The Trans-Pacific Partnership China and the world currency market Including a Companion Website complete with instructor’s manual, lecture slides and test bank, as well as an online study guide and multiple choice questions for students, Contemporary Economics is suitable for both economics students and non-majors studying economics and economic issues at the introductory level.

John Maynard Keynes is the great British economist of the twentieth century whose hugely influential work The General Theory of Employment, Interest and * is undoubtedly the century's most important book on economics--strongly influencing economic theory and practice, particularly with regard to the role of government in stimulating and regulating a nation's economic life. Keynes's work has undergone significant revaluation in recent years, and "Keynesian" views which have been widely defended for so long are now perceived as at odds with Keynes's own thinking. Recent scholarship and research has demonstrated considerable rivalry and controversy concerning the proper interpretation of Keynes's works, such that recourse to the original text is all the more important. Although considered by a few critics that the sentence structures of the book are quite incomprehensible and almost unbearable to read, the book is an essential reading for all those who desire a basic education in economics. The key to understanding Keynes is the notion that at particular times in the business cycle, an economy can become over-productive (or under-consumptive) and thus, a vicious spiral is begun that results in massive layoffs and cuts in production as businesses attempt to equilibrate aggregate supply and demand. Thus, full employment is only one of many or multiple macro equilibria. If an economy reaches an underemployment equilibrium, something is necessary to boost or stimulate demand to produce full employment. This something could be business investment but because of the logic and individualist nature of investment decisions, it is unlikely to rapidly restore full employment. Keynes logically seizes upon the public budget and government expenditures as the quickest way to restore full employment. Borrowing the * to finance the deficit from private households and businesses is a quick, direct way to restore full employment while at the same time, redirecting or siphoning

This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the economics of International Trade.Key questions related to why countries trade, how they gain from trade, and how international trade can produce winners and losers are answered. The last of these questions is related to the connection of trade to inequality in the distribution of income.The book uses both theoretical models and empirical evidence to answer these questions. It also provides a discussion of the economics of labor migration and international capital mobility. The book also provides a detailed discussion of the welfare implications of various trade policy instruments such as tariffs, quotas, export subsidies etc. This is followed by a discussion of the process of actual policymaking in democratic societies which goes into the realm of political economy. The focus here is on the political economy of trade policy. It also provides a discussion of the economics of preferential trading agreements and a history of multilateral trading agreements under the aegis of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and its evolution into the World Trade Organization (WTO).