See The Results of the Uruguay Round: The Legal October 1999, p. 1. The GATS and South Africa's National Health Act: A Cautionary Tale 13 Exploring the relationship between the GATS law perspective, the commitments are unethical and the National Health Act (NHA) also sheds and illegitimate from the standpoint of human new light on one of the great controversies of rights and democratic self-determ [...] The South African constitution enshrines access to health services as a human right in several ways: South African • section 27(2) of the Constitution requires that governments have a the State must take reasonable legislative and constitutional responsibility other measures within its available resources to achieve the progressive realisation of the to ensure that the entire right of the people o [...] A 1997 white paper on health prepared care services; by the newly-elected African National Congress • section 24(a) of the Constitution provides that government portrayed the serious inequalities everyone has the right to an environment that and inefficiencies of the health care system in- is not harmful to their health or well-being; herited from the apartheid regime: • section 10 of the Constitu [...] At the same time, the decimating the ranks of front-line health care majority of the South African population has workers, and worsening poverty and inequality.2 very limited access to any form of services."22 At the same time, the shortcomings and inequal- ity in the current system hamper effective treat- Today, apartheid's noxious racial segrega- ment. [...] It is in- chief legislative response tended, among other matters, "to remedy the in- to the daunting and urgent equities of the past in the distribution of health care and to create a national health system that is health care challenges of the patient centred and for the good of all." The NHA post-apartheid era has been described as "the overarching piece of legislation that enables the establish.

Industry professionals, government officials, and the general public often agree that the modern healthcare system is in need of an overhaul. With many organizations concerned with the long-term care of patients, new strategies, practices, and organizational tools must be developed to optimize the current healthcare system. Healthcare Policy and Reform: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a comprehensive source of academic material on the importance of policy and policy reform initiatives in modern healthcare systems. Highlighting a range of topics such as public health, effective care delivery, and health information systems, this multi-volume book is designed for medical practitioners, medical administrators, professionals, academicians, and researchers interested in all aspects of healthcare policy and reform.

The continuous development of new technologies has led to significant socio-economic advances in modern society. When applied in the medical sector, healthcare delivery techniques are optimized. Health Information Systems and the Advancement of Medical Practice in Developing Countries is a comprehensive reference source for the latest scholarly research on technology utilization for delivering reliable and accurate health information to patients and clinical staff. Highlighting pivotal perspectives on topics such as mobile health, telemedicine, and healthcare access, this book is ideally designed for professionals, practitioners, researchers, academics, and graduate students interested in the benefits and challenges of technology applications in healthcare systems.

Since 1994, the democratic government in South Africa has worked hard at improving the lives of the black majority, yet close to half the population lives in poverty, jobs are scarce, and the country is more unequal than ever. For millions, the colour of people's skin still decides their destiny. In his wide-ranging, incisive and provocative analysis, Hein Marais shows that although the legacies of apartheid and colonialism weigh heavy, many of the strategic choices made since the early 1990s have compounded those handicaps. Marais explains why those choices were made, where they went awry, and why South Africa's vaunted formations of the left -- old and new -- have failed to prevent or alter them. From the real reasons behind President Jacob Zuma's rise and the purging of his predecessor, Thabo Mbeki, to a devastating critique of the country's continuing AIDS crisis, its economic path and its approach to the rights and entitlements of citizens, South Africa Pushed to the Limit presents a riveting benchmark analysis of the incomplete journey beyond apartheid.

Based on the findings of a global research project undertaken by the World Health Organization, this volume systematically analyzes the relationship between globalization and global trends in health outcomes. This will be a necessary addition for scholars studying globalization, health and social policy, and public health across the social sciences.

In this book, authors from around the world reveal the range of tactics used across the corporate world that ultimately favor the bottom line over the greater good.

This book explores the impacts of HIV/AIDS and neoliberal globalization on the occupational health of public sector hospital nurses in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The story of South African public sector nurses provides multiple perspectives on the HIV/AIDS epidemic-for a workforce that played a role in the struggle against apartheid, women who deal with the burden of HIV/AIDS care at work and in the community, and a constituency of the new South African democracy that is working on the frontlines of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Through case studies of three provincial hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, set against a historical backdrop, this book tells the story of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the post-apartheid period.

With the establishment of the WTO, trade in services became part of the world trade order. Volume 6 is dedicated to these rather recent developments. It covers the core agreement, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) with annexes, as well as the additional instruments , which have been adopted later on to govern the liberalization in specific sectors. Those are the Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services, the Second Protocol on Financial Services, the Third Protocol on the Movement of Natural Persons, the Fourth Protocol on Basic Telecommunications and the Fifth Protocol, which contains further rules for financial services. This volume will be a valuable reference tool for the WTO community as a whole, as well as for professionals and researchers, who deal with one of the sectors concerned, e.g. financial services and telecommunications. Furthermore, it is highly relevant in view of those sectors, which are the subject of ongoing liberalization efforts or earmarked for future negotiations, namely accounting, legal services, transport, tourism, environmental services, legal and educational services.

International economic law, with its traditional focus on large multinational enterprises, is only slowly waking up to the new reality of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), entering the global marketplace. In the wake of the digital revolution, smaller companies now play an important role in the global economic landscape. In 2015 the UN expressly called for SMEs to have greater access to international trade and investment, and it is increasingly recognized that the integration of SMEs provides one of the keys to creating a more sustainable and inclusive global economy. As SMEs increasingly permeate transnational supply chains, so interactions between these companies and international economic law and policy proliferate. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in International Economic Law offers the first comprehensive analysis of the interaction between SMEs and international economic law. This book presents a broad international perspective, gathering together contributions by leading experts from academia, legal practice, and international organizations. It opens up a field of enquiry into this so far unexplored dynamic and provide a touchstone for future debate. The analysis covers a broad spectrum of international trade and investment law focusing on issues of particular interest to SMEs, such as trade in services, government procurement, and trade facilitation. Diverse perspectives illuminate regional developments (in particular within the EU) and the implications of mega-regional free trade agreements. The essays also examine questions of legitimacy of global economic governance; in particular, concerns surrounding the threat posed to the interests of domestic SMEs by the growing liberalization of international trade and investment. These essays constitute essential reading for practitioners and academics seeking to navigate a previously neglected trend in international economic law.

This book reviews the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) at the regional and national levels in Africa. It contains an analysis of the relevant norms and monitoring mechanisms at the regional level, and case studies from selected African and other developing countries. The WHO has noted that tobacco use or exposure to tobacco is a major health risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This volume highlights the importance of taking measures to control tobacco use in Africa with a view to preventing these risks. With contributions from experts from the Global South, the book provides a critical analysis of the role that human rights can play in mitigating the impact of tobacco use and NCDs, and the implementation of the FCTC. The book contains a systematic and in-depth analysis of how efforts to realise the right to health under international and regional law can help to address the incidence of tobacco use in the developing world. The collection will be an important resource for academics, researchers and policymakers working in the areas of public health law and international human rights.