This book studies how doctors responded to - and helped shape - deep-seated fears about nervous degeneracy and population decline in France between 1750 and 1850. It uncovers a rich and far-ranging medical debate in which four generations of hygiene activists used biomedical science to transform the self, sexuality and community in order to regenerate a sick and decaying nation; a programme doctors labelled 'physical and moral hygiene'. Moreover, it is shown how doctors imparted biomedical ideas and language that allowed lay people to make sense of often bewildering socio-political changes, thereby giving them a sense of agency and control over these events. Combining a chronological and thematic approach, the six chapters in this book trace how doctors began their medical crusade during the middle of the Enlightenment, how this activism flowered during the French Revolution, and how they then revised their views during the period of post-revolutionary reaction. The study concludes by arguing that medicine acquired an unprecedented political, social and cultural position in French society, with doctors becoming the primary spokesmen for bourgeois values, and thus helped to define the new world that emerged from the post-revolutionary period.

With the emergence of fertility declines in the greater part of the developing world, study of the phenomenon has increased profoundly over the last three decades, and a voluminous amount of literature has emerged. Yet our knowledge of the decline is scattered in numerous publications, making sources difficult to find. This bibliography provides a guide to the literature on fertility decline in Latin America, Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. It will be an invaluable asset for population experts and students wishing to do research on fertility decline. Covering the literature from 1960 to 1997, the book draws on extensive sources including books, articles in leading population journals, research papers, and dissertations. The opening chapter covers the literature on theories and concepts underlying fertility decline. The next three chapters are devoted to the major geographical areas—Latin America, Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa—and the final chapter looks at general literature on fertility declines in developing countries.

Surveying the causes of the Arab Spring, and revealing the governing trends arising from it, this book examines various international relation theories through the lens of the experiences of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. It takes the events of the Arab Spring as an outcome of globalization’s double movement whose integrative cultural, political and security frameworks devastated nationally controlled economies, undermining the nation-state system and propagating a decentralized and communitarian-based governance structure. The consequences for many plural, diverse societies were two-fold: autocratic nationalism was discarded while decentralized regimes representing communitarian-based politics came to the fore. The author reveals how the formulation of a new communitocratic order rests on the accommodation of this newly emerging communitarianism and explores the major drivers of political transformation, describing the emerging communities, forecasting their governing options and the possible repercussions for the post-Arab Spring states.

Designed to complement the main themes of any introductory international relations course, Snow’s bestselling text presents original case studies that survey the state of the international system and look in-depth at current issues. The cases are extremely timely, geopolitically diverse, accessibly written, and of high interest and salience amidst today’s headlines. Cases cover enduring concepts like sovereignty, diplomacy, and national interest to emerging concerns like foreign election interference, the COVID pandemic, cybersecurity, and global climate change.

Edward Gibbon's 'The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' is a monumental work that spans six volumes, chronicling the collapse of one of the most powerful empires in history. Gibbon's writing style is both eloquent and meticulous, providing readers with a comprehensive account of the political, social, and cultural factors that led to Rome's decline. The book is a masterpiece of historical analysis, blending scholarly research with engaging narrative that keeps readers captivated throughout. Gibbon's work is considered a classic in the field of History, shaping the way we understand the rise and fall of civilizations. Edward Gibbon, a renowned historian and member of the British Parliament, was inspired to write this magnum opus after extensive travels throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. His firsthand encounters with ancient Roman ruins fueled his fascination with the empire's history and eventual demise. Gibbon's meticulous research and attention to detail have made 'The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' a timeless masterpiece that continues to be studied and revered by scholars and history enthusiasts alike. I highly recommend Gibbon's 'The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' to readers interested in delving into the complexities of Roman history and the broader themes of empire, power, and decline. This magisterial work provides a thorough and compelling narrative of one of the most pivotal periods in Western civilization, making it a must-read for anyone passionate about history and its lasting impact on society.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1862.