"How do we know what happened in the past? We cannot go back, and no amount of historical data can enable us to understand with absolute certainty what life was like then. It is easy to demolish the very idea of historical knowing, but it is impossible to demolish the importance of historical knowing. In an age of cable television pundits and anonymous bloggers dueling over history, the value of owning history increases at the same time as our confidence in history as a way of knowing crumbles. Historical knowledge thus presents a paradox - the more it is required, the less reliable it has become. To reconcile this paradox - that history is impossible but necessary - Peter Charles Hoffer proposes a practical, workable philosophy of history for our times, one that is robust and realistic, and that speaks to anyone who reads, writes and teaches history. The philosophy of history that Hoffer supports in The Historians' Paradox is driven by a continual and careful search for the authentic, but without confining the real to a finite or closed set of facts. Hoffer urges us to think and live with a keen awareness that history is everywhere, to accept the impossibility of measuring its reliability, but to never approach it unquestioningly. Covering a sweeping range of philosophies (from ancient history to game theory), methodological approaches to writing history, and the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies of argument, Hoffer constructs a philosophy of history that is reasonable, free of fallacy, and supported by appropriate evidence that is itself tenable. The Historians' Paradox brings together accounts of actual historical events, anecdotes about historians, insights from philosophers of history, and the personal experience of a long time scholar and teacher. Throughout, Hoffer liberally spices the mixture with humor to create a philosophy of history for our times."--publisher.

"How do we know what happened in the past? We cannot go back, and no amount of historical data can enable us to understand with absolute certainty what life was like then. It is easy to demolish the very idea of historical knowing, but it is impossible to demolish the importance of historical knowing. In an age of cable television pundits and anonymous bloggers dueling over history, the value of owning history increases at the same time as our confidence in history as a way of knowing crumbles. Historical knowledge thus presents a paradox - the more it is required, the less reliable it has become. To reconcile this paradox - that history is impossible but necessary - Peter Charles Hoffer proposes a practical, workable philosophy of history for our times, one that is robust and realistic, and that speaks to anyone who reads, writes and teaches history. The philosophy of history that Hoffer supports in The Historians' Paradox is driven by a continual and careful search for the authentic, but without confining the real to a finite or closed set of facts. Hoffer urges us to think and live with a keen awareness that history is everywhere, to accept the impossibility of measuring its reliability, but to never approach it unquestioningly. Covering a sweeping range of philosophies (from ancient history to game theory), methodological approaches to writing history, and the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies of argument, Hoffer constructs a philosophy of history that is reasonable, free of fallacy, and supported by appropriate evidence that is itself tenable. The Historians' Paradox brings together accounts of actual historical events, anecdotes about historians, insights from philosophers of history, and the personal experience of a long time scholar and teacher. Throughout, Hoffer liberally spices the mixture with humor to create a philosophy of history for our times."--publisher.

Can God create a stone too heavy for him to lift? Can time have a beginning? Which came first, the chicken or the egg? Riddles, paradoxes, conundrums--for millennia the human mind has found such knotty logical problems both perplexing and irresistible. Now Roy Sorensen offers the first narrative history of paradoxes, a fascinating and eye-opening account that extends from the ancient Greeks, through the Middle Ages, the Enlightenment, and into the twentieth century. When Augustine asked what God was doing before He made the world, he was told: "Preparing hell for people who ask questions like that." A Brief History of the Paradox takes a close look at "questions like that" and the philosophers who have asked them, beginning with the folk riddles that inspired Anaximander to erect the first metaphysical system and ending with such thinkers as Lewis Carroll, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and W.V. Quine. Organized chronologically, the book is divided into twenty-four chapters, each of which pairs a philosopher with a major paradox, allowing for extended consideration and putting a human face on the strategies that have been taken toward these puzzles. Readers get to follow the minds of Zeno, Socrates, Aquinas, Ockham, Pascal, Kant, Hegel, and many other major philosophers deep inside the tangles of paradox, looking for, and sometimes finding, a way out. Filled with illuminating anecdotes and vividly written, A Brief History of the Paradox will appeal to anyone who finds trying to answer unanswerable questions a paradoxically pleasant endeavor.

This was originally published as a large 24 book set. All 24 books are published here in one volume. There is a linked table of contents to all 24 book at the beginning of the volume, as well as a fully descriptive table of contents at the beginning of each book. The History of Protestantism' by J. A. Wylie, is an incredibly inspiring work. It pulls back the divine curtain and reveals God's hand in the affairs of His church during the Protestant Reformation. Through the centuries, the sacrifices and victories of God's faithful people have often been obscured and forgotten. Now once again, you can read the fascinating story of how truth triumphed over error, principle over falsehood, and light over darkness. While Wylie is intent on telling the story of Protestantism he in many places travel back to the middle ages and picks up the story and heads forward to the reformation of the sixteenth century. When reading Wylie is thrilled to see just that men and woman stood for truth and in doing so maid a way for truth to prevail in the end. Wylie’s ability as a scholar and author are apparent in every chapter of these seas. Anyone interested in knowing about the history of the Christian Church would be truly in lighted by reading this work of Dr. Wylie on the history of Protestantism'. His disposition to use the pen as a mighty “Sword of the LORD” (Judges 7:18) is evidenced through out this work. CONTENTS Book One - Protestantism in Scotland Book Two - Wicliffe and His Times, or Advent of Protestantism Book Three - John Huss and the Hussite Wars Book Four - Christendom at the Opening of the Sixteenth Century Book Five - History of Protestantism in Germany to the Leipsic Disputation, 1519 Book Six - From the Leipsic Disputation to the Diet at Worms, 1521 Book Seven - Protestantism in England, From the Times of Wicliffe to Those of Henry VIII Book Eight - History of Protestantism in Switzerland From A.D. 1516 to Its Establishment at Zurich, 1525 Book Nine - History of Protestantism From the Diet of Worms, 1521, to the Augsburg Confession, 1530 Book Ten - Rise and Establishment of Protestantism in Sweden and Denmark Book Eleven - Protestantism in Switzerland From Its Establishment in Zurich (1525) to the Death of Zwingli (1531) Book Twelve - Protestantism in Germany From the Augsburg Confession to the Peace of Passau Book Thirteen - From Rise of Protestantism in France (1510) to Publication of the Institutes (1536) Book Fourteen - Rise and Establishment of Protestantism at Geneva Book Fifteen - The Jesuits Book Sixteen - Protestantism in the Waldensian Valleys Book Seventeen - Protestantism in France From Death of Francis I (1547) to Edict of Nantes (1598) Book Eighteen - History of Protestantism in the Netherlands Book Nineteen - Protestantism in Poland and Bohemia Book Twenty - Protestantism in Hungary and Transylvania Book Twenty-one - The Thirty Years’ War Book Twenty-two - Protestantism in France From Death of Henry IV (1610) to the Revolution (1789) Book Twenty-three - Protestantism in England From the Times of Henry VIII Book Twenty-four - Progress From the First to the Fourteenth Century

Winner of the 2024 Getting To We Words Create Worlds Award In the vein of Think Again and Do Better, a revolutionary, “welcome, and urgent invitation” (Angela Duckworth, #1 New York Times bestselling author) to explore the emotional relationship we have with our country’s complicated and whitewashed history so that we can build a better future. As we grapple with news stories about our country’s racial fault lines, our challenge is not just to learn about the past, but also to cope with the “belief grief” that unlearning requires. If you are on the emotional journey of reckoning with the past, such as the massacre of Black Americans in Tulsa, the killing of Native American children in compulsory “residential schools” designed to destroy their culture, and the incarceration of Japanese Americans, you are not alone. The seeds of today’s inequalities were sown in past events like these. The time to unlearn the whitewashed history we believed was true is now. As historians share these truths, we will need psychologists to help us navigate the shame, guilt, disbelief, and despair many of us feel. In A More Just Future, Dolly Chugh, award-winning professor, social psychologist, and author of the acclaimed The Person You Mean to Be, invites us to dismantle the systems built by our forebearers and work toward a more just future. Through heartrending personal histories and practical advice, Chugh gives us the psychological tools we need to grapple with the truth of our country with “one of the most moving and important behavioral science books of the last decade” (Katy Milkman, author of How to Change).

This new edition brings the fascinating and intriguing history of mathematics to life The Second Edition of this internationally acclaimed text has been thoroughly revised, updated, and reorganized to give readers a fresh perspective on the evolution of mathematics. Written by one of the world's leading experts on the history of mathematics, the book details the key historical developments in the field, providing an understanding and appreciation of how mathematics influences today's science, art, music, literature, and society. In the first edition, each chapter was devoted to a single culture. This Second Edition is organized by subject matter: a general survey of mathematics in many cultures, arithmetic, geometry, algebra, analysis, and mathematical inference. This new organization enables students to focus on one complete topic and, at the same time, compare how different cultures approached each topic. Many new photographs and diagrams have been added to this edition to enhance the presentation. The text is divided into seven parts: The World of Mathematics and the Mathematics of the World, including the origin and prehistory of mathematics, cultural surveys, and women mathematicians Numbers, including counting, calculation, ancient number theory, and numbers and number theory in modern mathematics Color Plates, illustrating the impact of mathematics on civilizations from Egypt to Japan to Mexico to modern Europe Space, including measurement, Euclidean geometry, post-Euclidean geometry, and modern geometrics Algebra, including problems leading to algebra, equations and methods, and modern algebra Analysis, including the calculus, real, and complex analysis Mathematical Inference, including probability and statistics, and logic and set theory As readers progress through the text, they learn about the evolution of each topic, how different cultures devised their own solutions, and how these solutions enabled the cultures to develop and progress. In addition, readers will meet some of the greatest mathematicians of the ages, who helped lay the groundwork for today's science and technology. The book's lively approach makes it appropriate for anyone interested in learning how the field of mathematics came to be what it is today. It can also serve as a textbook for undergraduate or graduate-level courses. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available upon request from the Wiley editorial department.

This collection of interrelated literary/historical essays is based on the author's 1966 Christian Gauss lectures at Princeton University. The articles investigate the various attitudes of such giants as Stendahl, Tolstoy, Malraux, and Pasternak, plus other lesser-known authors, toward the idea of "history" as a replacement for earlier theocentric and rationalist world views.