Mediaeval history, whether of the East or the West, is mostly a record of bloodshedding and cruelty; and the Middle Age has been prolonged to our own time in most parts of the Balkans, and is not yet over in some parts. There are certain things salutary to bear in mind when we think or speak of any part of that country today. Contents: BULGARIA. The Arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkan Peninsula, 600–700 The Early Years of Bulgaria and the Introduction of Christianity, 700–893 The Rise and Fall of the First Bulgarian Empire, 893–972 The Rise and Fall of 'Western Bulgaria' and the Greek Supremacy, 963–1186 The Rise and Fall of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1186–1258 The Serbian Supremacy and the Final Collapse, 1258–1393 The Turkish Dominion and the Emancipation, 1393–1878 The Aftermath, and Prince Alexander of Battenberg, 1878–86 The Regeneration under Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg, 1886–1908 The Kingdom, 1908–13 SERBIA. The Serbs under Foreign Supremacy, 650–1168 The Rise and Fall of the Serbian Empire and the Extinction of Serbian Independence, 1168–1496 The Turkish Dominion, 1496–1796 The Liberation of Serbia under Kara-George (1804–13) and Milos Obrenovic (1815–30): 1796–1830 The Throes of Regeneration: Independent Serbia, 1830–1903 Serbia, Montenegro, and the Serbo-Croats in Austria-Hungary, 1903–8 Serbia and Montenegro, and the two Balkan Wars, 1908–13 GREECE. By ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE. From Ancient to Modern Greece The Awakening of the Nation The Consolidation of the State RUMANIA: HER HISTORY AND POLITICS. By D. MITRANY Introduction Formation of the Rumanian Nation The Foundation and Development of the Rumanian Principalities The Phanariote Rule Modern Period to 1866 Contemporary Period: Internal Development Contemporary Period: Foreign Affairs Rumania and the Present War TURKEY. By D. G. HOGARTH Origin of the Osmanlis Expansion of the Osmanli Kingdom Heritage and Expansion of the Byzantine Empire Shrinkage and Retreat Revival Relapse Revolution The Balkan War The Future

Volume I discusses the history of the major Balkan nationalities. It describes the differing conditions experienced under Ottoman and Habsburg rule, but the main emphasis is on the national movements, their successes and failures to 1900, and the place of events in the Balkans in the international relations of the day.

Balkan Peninsula is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. These impressions of the Balkan Peninsula were mainly gathered during the war of the Balkan allies against Turkey and the following war among themselves. Contents include: The Vexed Balkans The Turk in the Balkans The Fall of the Turkish Power The Wars of 1912-13 A Chapter in Balkan Diplomacy The Troubles of a War Correspondent in the Balkans Jottings from my Balkan Travel Book The Picturesque Balkans The Balkan Peoples in Art and Industry The Future of the Balkans

The present volume is the last in the Entangled Balkans series and marks the end of several years of research guided by the transnational, “entangled history” and histoire croisée approaches. The essays in this volume address theoretical and methodological issues of Balkan or Southeast European regional studies—not only questions of scholarly concepts, definitions, and approaches but also the extra-scholarly, ideological, political, and geopolitical motivations that underpin them. These issues are treated more systematically and by a presentation of their historical evolution in various national traditions and schools. Some of the essays deal with the articulation of certain forms of “Balkan heritage” in relation to the geographical spread and especially the cultural definition of the “Balkan area.” Concepts and definitions of the Balkans are thus complemented by (self-)representations that reflect on their cultural foundations.

Mediaeval history, whether of the East or the West, is mostly a record of bloodshedding and cruelty; and the Middle Age has been prolonged to our own time in most parts of the Balkans, and is not yet over in some parts. There are certain things salutary to bear in mind when we think or speak of any part of that country today. Contents: BULGARIA. The Arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkan Peninsula, 600–700 The Early Years of Bulgaria and the Introduction of Christianity, 700–893 The Rise and Fall of the First Bulgarian Empire, 893–972 The Rise and Fall of 'Western Bulgaria' and the Greek Supremacy, 963–1186 The Rise and Fall of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1186–1258 The Serbian Supremacy and the Final Collapse, 1258–1393 The Turkish Dominion and the Emancipation, 1393–1878 The Aftermath, and Prince Alexander of Battenberg, 1878–86 The Regeneration under Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg, 1886–1908 The Kingdom, 1908–13 SERBIA. The Serbs under Foreign Supremacy, 650–1168 The Rise and Fall of the Serbian Empire and the Extinction of Serbian Independence, 1168–1496 The Turkish Dominion, 1496–1796 The Liberation of Serbia under Kara-George (1804–13) and Milos Obrenovic (1815–30): 1796–1830 The Throes of Regeneration: Independent Serbia, 1830–1903 Serbia, Montenegro, and the Serbo-Croats in Austria-Hungary, 1903–8 Serbia and Montenegro, and the two Balkan Wars, 1908–13 GREECE. By ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE. From Ancient to Modern Greece The Awakening of the Nation The Consolidation of the State RUMANIA: HER HISTORY AND POLITICS. By D. MITRANY Introduction Formation of the Rumanian Nation The Foundation and Development of the Rumanian Principalities The Phanariote Rule Modern Period to 1866 Contemporary Period: Internal Development Contemporary Period: Foreign Affairs Rumania and the Present War TURKEY. By D. G. HOGARTH Origin of the Osmanlis Expansion of the Osmanli Kingdom Heritage and Expansion of the Byzantine Empire Shrinkage and Retreat Revival Relapse Revolution The Balkan War The Future

The Balkan Peninsula is often referred to as the "powder keg of Europe," but it is more accurately described as the "melting pot of Europe." In The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins, Alexandru Madgearu discusses the ethnic heterogeneity in modern-day Bosnia, Kosovo, and Macedonia and traces its history. Madgearu examines the historical evolution that led to the genesis of several conflicts in the Balkans. The affected areas and associated events have transformed the Balkan Peninsula into an intricate ethnic mosaic, where no single group of people has the majority. The various ethnic and religious differences these groups possess have survived the many occupations of this land over the years, whether by the Roman, Byzantine, or Ottoman Empires, and then became manifest when the modern Balkan states were created. With the dissolution of the strong outside forces once dominating the area, the Balkan states-prompted by political propaganda and nationalist ideologies-then used history to support territorial claims, defend ethnic-cleansing actions, and justify conflicts with other countries. The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula argues that the current ethnic structure is the basis for the solution of the disputes between the Balkan states and that history should be used to explain, not legitimize, the conflicts. Book jacket.

This book explores historical discourses on the various forms of identity production in film that are based on memory and shows how these narratives get 'mediated' by (documentary) film. Most films about the Balkans produced in the last two decades were in fact made in response to immediate concerns about the economic crises and political conflicts that struck the region during the 1990s. These new forms of communication about history mostly show a rather self-critical approach. The book's case studies give the reader a clear idea of how processes informing identity formations are directly launched and later on maintained in peoples' real and everyday lives. Thus, the case studies' principal objective is to integrate the study of 'private space' with existing macro-debates in politics as well as with dominant discourses within the academic community. The included case studies focus on several topics, i.e. migration, the reproduction and protection of personal as well as collective identities in post-socialist societies, revolutionary processes towards the official end of the Cold War, the (re-)creation of politically constructed narratives, generational conflicts in the post-socialist period, and the fate of women during the war. The multifaceted view of the region under focus in this study shows that common grounds and differences co-exist in the Balkan space, be it on a cultural, economic, social or (geo)-political level. Apart from the field of film studies, this work is a powerful contribution to cultural history as well as to the growing field of visual history.

The Concise Encyclopedia Of World History Offers The Global Reading Public, Students, And Professors A Handy, Complete, And Accurate Guide To All Political Formations Since The Beginning Of History. It Reaches Into Pre-History Through The Inclusion Of The Important Families Of Languages Spoken Today. It Also Tracks Ethnic Groups, Especially Nomadic, Which Have Been Influential In The Creation Of Civilizations And States. The Entries On Existing Independent States Include Up-To-Date Political Facts And Statistics. They Mention Each Country S World Heritage Sites. To Complement The Individual Entries In This Encyclopedia, There Is An Extensive, Commentated World-Historical Chronology. A Special Feature In This Work Is The Inclusion Of Individual Political Chronologies For Ancient Civilizations And Important Countries And Regions The World Over. To Round Out This Easy-To-Consult And Thoroughly Researched Work, There Is A Cross-Referenced Index Especially Designed For Provinces, Cities, And Other Entities Which Have No Entries Of Their Own But Appear In The Entries, Sometimes Prominently, As, For Example, Abu Dhabi In The United Arab Emirates Or Amritsar In India.