With the launch of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, its Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) emerged as a symbol of coercion in international economic relations. In the decade that followed, intellectual property became one of the most contentious topics of global policy debate. This book is the first full-length study of the politics surrounding what developing countries did to implement TRIPS and why. Based on a review of the evidence from 1995 to 2007, this book emphasises that developing countries exhibited considerable variation in their approach to TRIPS implementation. In particular, developing countries took varying degrees of advantage of the legal safeguards and options-commonly known as TRIPS 'flexibilities'-that the Agreement provides. To explain this variation, this book argues that TRIPS implementation must be understood as a complex political game played out among developing country governments and a range of stakeholders-developed countries, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), intergovernmental organisations (IGOs), and industry groups. The contested nature of the TRIPS bargain spurred competing efforts to revise the terms of TRIPS and to influence global IP regulation more broadly. The intensity of the implementation game was amplified by an awareness among the various stakeholders that the IP reforms developing countries pursued would influence these ongoing international negotiations. The book attributes the variation in TRIPS implementation to the interplay between these global IP debates, international power pressures, and political dynamics within developing countries. The book includes historical analysis, compilations of evidence, and analysis supported by examples from across the developing world. The Implementation Game will be of interest both to scholars of international relations, law, and international political economy as well as to policymakers, commentators, and activists engaged in debates on the global governance of intellectual property.

Part of the new Foundations of Game Development Series! Almost every video game on the market today is powered by a game engine. But, what is a game engine? What does it do? How are they useful to both developers and the game? And how are they made? These, and other important engine related questions, are explored and discussed in this book. In clear and concise language, this book examines through examples and exercises both the design and implementation of a video game engine. Specifically, it focuses on the core components of a game engine, audio and sound systems, file and resource management, graphics and optimization techniques, scripting and physics, and much more. Suitable for students, hobbyists, and independent developers, this no-nonsense book helps fine-tune an understanding of solid engine design and implementation for creating games that sell.

Game Audio Implementation offers a unique practical approach to learning all about game audio. If you've always wanted to hear your sound or music in a real game then this is the book for you. Each chapter is accompanied by its own game level where you can see the techniques and theories in action before working through over 70 exercises to develop your own demo level. Taking you all the way from first principles to complex interactive systems in the industry standard Unreal Engine© you’ll gain the skills to implement your sound and music along with a deep transferable knowledge of the principles you can apply across a range of other game development tools. The accompanying website (www.gameaudioimplementation.com) includes: 12 downloadable demonstration games A unique exercise level for you to develop for your portfolio An up-to-date online bibliography with further reading for each chapter A free sound library with hundreds of game SFX

Unity Game Audio Implementation offers a unique, practical, project-based approach to learning about aspects of Interactive Game Audio for those who have never used a game engine before and don’t want to learn computer programming right now. The book offers insight into the skills needed to design game-ready sounds in current Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) and shows how to implement these sounds within the Unity game engine. The reader will also learn about interactive music and how to set this up to respond to a variety of events in the game, with the option of adding in their own story and dialogue. All the information is presented in a practical working context from an established Game Audio Sound Designer with AAA games experience. The chapters are accompanied by several game levels teaching all about the techniques and theories before offering instructive steps for how to put them into action. After completing the practical tasks in this book, not only will the reader create an interactive soundscape for a multilevel playable game featuring all their own audio, they will also receive tips on how to use their finished project in support of an application for Video Game Sound Designer jobs.

Serious games provide a unique opportunity to fully engage students more than traditional teaching approaches. Understanding the best way to utilize these games and the concept of play in an educational setting is imperative for effectual learning in the 21st century. Gamification in Education: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an innovative reference source for the latest academic material on the different approaches and issues faced in integrating games within curriculums. Highlighting a range of topics, such as learning through play, virtual worlds, and educational computer games, this publication is ideally designed for educators, administrators, software designers, and stakeholders in all levels of education.

Immersive technology as an umbrella concept consists of multiple emerging technologies including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), gaming, simulation, and 3D printing. Research has shown immersive technology provides unique learning opportunities for experiential learning, multiple perspectives, and knowledge transfer. Due to its role in influencing learners’ cognitive and affective processes, it is shown to have great potential in changing the educational landscape in the decades to come. However, there is a lack of general cognitive and affective theoretical framework to guide the diverse aspects of immersive technology research. In fact, lacking the cognitive and affective theoretical framework has begun to hamper the design and application of immersive technology in schools and related professional training. Cognitive and Affective Perspectives on Immersive Technology in Education is an essential research book that explores methods and implications for the design and implementation of upcoming immersive technologies in pedagogical and professional development settings. The book includes case studies that highlight the cognitive and affective processes in immersive technology as well as the successful applications of immersive technology in education. Featuring a wide range of topics such as curriculum design, K-12 education, and mobile learning, this book is ideal for academicians, educators, policymakers, curriculum developers, instructional designers, administrators, researchers, and students.

"Evidently, the time has come to describe and assess the shift and its effects on policies per se. And this book does so brilliantly. It takes stock of the relevant literature and also identifies significant theoretical issues as well as practical problems associated with public implementation in the new context of governance. Thus, the book is depicted as a state-of-the-art on public policy implementation" --CHOICE Bringing the major current insights in implementation research and theory together, Public Policy, Implementation and Governance reviews the literature on public policy implementation, relating it to contemporary developments in thinking about governance. The text stresses the continuing importance of a focus upon implementation processes and explores its central relevance to the practice of public administration. In light of the changing nature of governance, Hill and Hupe suggest strategies for both future research on and management of public policy implementation. Their basic approach is two-fold: firstly, to understand the process of implementation and secondly, to address how one might control and affect this process. Re-exploring the state of the art of the study of implementation as a sub-discipline of political science and public administration, this book will be essential reading for students and researchers in public policy, social policy, public management, public adminstration and governance.

Basic considerations on design and implementation of computer-based information systems; Working group: technical aspects of systems design and implementation; Working group: organizational aspects of systems design and implementation; Review.

First Published in 1990. John Maynard Keynes once made the bold prediction that the three- hour work day would prevail for his grandchildren's generation. Seventy years later, the question of working time is as pertinent as it was at the inception of the 40-hour week. Not until now, however, has there been a global comparative analysis of working time laws, policies and actual working hours. Despite a century-long optimism about reduced working hours and some progress in legal measures limiting working hours, this book demonstrates that differences in actual working hours between industrialized and developing countries remain considerable – without any clear sign of hours being reduced. This study aims to offer some suggestions about how this gap can begin to be closed. most basic questions facing planning theory and practice today. The author argues that it is not plans that determine the shape of cities, but political processes. In the 1980s state planning came under siege; planners had to justify their existence to politicians, the business world and the public. Though planning must still be accountable, neither the complete domination of the market nor traditional post-war planning ideologies are wholly acceptable in the 1990s. A new agenda and a major rethinking of planning from first principles is required - but what form should this take? Showing that political theory provides the proper foundation for understanding planning practice, the book explores in turn assenting and dissenting planning paradigms. Exploration of the former begins with Weber and moves through pluralism, corporatism and neo-liberalism. Dissenting theory is organized around the work of Marx: orthodox neo-Marxism, Gramsci's 'philosophy of praxis', the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, and the work of Habermas. The author concludes with a presentation of an integrated political perspective upon planning and the state.