This volume represents an important contribution towards gaining a cross-national understanding of the current and emerging impacts of the Internet on political practice.

The Internet first played a minor role in the 1992 U.S. Presidential election, and has gradually increased in importance so that it is central to election campaign strategy. However, election campaigners have, until very recently, focused on Web 1.0: websites and email. Political Campaigning, Elections and the Internet contextualises the US Presidential campaign of 2008 within three other contests: France 2007; Germany 2009; and the UK 2010. In offering a comparative history of the use of the Internet as an election tool, the authors are able to test the optimistic view that the Internet is transforming elections while also mapping the role the Internet plays and performs for parties and candidates. Lilleker and Jackson offer in-depth analysis demonstrating how interactive Web 2.0 online tools, including weblogs, social networking sites and file-sharing sites, are utilised and evaluate the role of these tools in the marketing and branding of parties and candidates. Examining the interactivity between candidate, party, and voter, this important book will be of strong interest to students and scholars of political science, elections, international relations and political communication. It will be of value to those within public relations, marketing and related communication and media programmes.

Analyzes the role of the Web in the 2004 presidential campaign with an eye toward following elections. This work covers grassroots organizing via the Internet, candidate e-mail strategies, blogs, online discourse about candidates' spouses, and the gendering of candidates on Web sites. It is aimed at political strategists, and Internet enthusiasts.

This volume provides a comparative analysis of the use of the World Wide Web in countries around the world for political campaign purposes. Drawing upon a common conceptual framework - the ‘Web sphere,’ and a shared methodological approach called Web feature analysis - in order to examine how the Internet is used by a variety of political actors during periods of electoral activity. Research teams around the world conducted analyses in technologically advanced nations, as well as those with low Internet diffusion, and a variety of countries in the middle range of network penetration, and from a variety of political and cultural contexts. The book represents an important contribution towards gaining a cross-national understanding of the current and emerging impacts of the Internet on political practice. To that end, the contributors collect and analyze data related to the structure for political action and information provision. They examine twelve types of political actors engaged in elections, including candidates, parties, non-governmental organizations, government, media and individual citizens. Exploring the complex dynamics between politics, culture, and information technology at both the national and global levels, The Internet and National Elections will be of interest to students and researchers of political science, communication studies, international relations, media and Internet studies.

"Elections: Perspectives on Activities and Challenges Across the Nation" is an October 2001 report of the U.S. General Accounting Office. The report describes the operations associated with each stage of the U.S. presidential election process and includes information about voter registration, absentee and early voting, election day administration, vote counts, certification, and recounts. The U.S. General Accounting Office presents a downloadable version of the report online in PDF format.

This volume provides an important update to our current understanding of politics and the internet in a variety of new contexts, both geographically and institutionally. The subject of e-democracy has morphed over the years from speculative and optimistic accounts of a future heightened direct citizen involvement in political decision-making and an increasingly withered state apparatus, to more prosaic investigations of party and governmental website content and micro level analyses of voters’ online activities. Rather than levelling the communications and participation playing field, most studies concluded that existing patterns of bias and power distribution were being repeated online, with the one exception of a genuine change in the potential for protest and e-activism. Across all of these accounts, the question remains whether the internet is a levelling communication tool that elevates the profile of marginalised players in the political system, or whether it is a medium that simply reinforces existing power and participatory biases. While employing case studies from various global perspectives, this book investigates the role of digital media and competitive advantage, campaigns and the effect of social media, online communication as way of fomenting nonviolent revolutions and the undeniable and important role of the internet on democracy around the world.

This book presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE/SECURE 2007 - the forum for the interdisciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes. The topics include: Identity Management, Information Security Management - PKI-Solutions, Economics of IT-Security - Smart Tokens, eID Cards, Infrastructure Solutions - Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Data Protection, Legal Aspects. Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE/SECURE 2007.

Provides an assessment of how political parties are adapting to the rise of new ITCs, and what the consequences of that adaptation will be. Includes case studies of the US, UK, Australia, Korea, Mexico, France, Romania and the Mediterranean region.

Elections and technology are inseparable in today’s world. Technology is regarded as a technical instrument to attain certain electoral goals such as efficiency and effectiveness, as well as to ensure a high-quality process and integrity of results. However, in practice, the proposition of adopting technology in elections is often not accompanied by deep thinking and adequate preparations. Consequently, the use of technology often becomes a paradox: the intention being to solve a problem, but new problems are created instead. Based on this observation, this Guide has been written to provide a tool for election administrators or nations which, like Indonesia, are considering the use of technology in elections. In Indonesia, technology has been widely used since the 2014 general elections, especially to meet open data principles in elections. Despite this, the general elections of 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014, and various regional elections, have used electoral technology for only two main objectives—data tabulation and transparency of the electoral process. At the time of writing, e-voting and e-recapitulation are being discussed for implementation in Indonesia’s future elections. As well as providing step-by-step guidance and points of consideration for various decision-makers, this Guide also features various types of voting technology that exist to date, accompanied by the experiences of several countries in using them. The Guide describes the various types of electoral technology that have been used in Indonesia, capturing their track records and the lessons learned—lessons that may be useful to other countries—demonstrating that voting technology does not need to be limited to e-voting.

This is the first book to systematically evaluate e-voting from the wider European perspective. It focuses on the European experience, thereby raising key issues at the heart of the social sciences, legal scholarship and technology studies in a penetrating and interdisciplinary manner. It coincides with a crucial juncture for European integration in which the Convention on the Future of Europe and the 2004 Intergovernmental Conference will discuss measures to further democratize the EU.