"Coumarin is a well known naturally occurring organic compound. It is utilised in various fields like medicine, dyes, and fluorescence. Around the world more and more research is being conducted on this compound due to its properties. This book is introduced to give concise information for initial knowledge on coumarin. The salient features of this book are as under: Complete introduction of coumarin through important references from around the world. First time detailed presentation of isolation and natural occurrence of coumarin in a detailed chapter. Proper citation of references in each chapter which helps researcher to design their work more easily. Chapters include formats to help researchers get ideas for development of their work. Each chapter provides specific information aimed clearly at students and researchers. Special Feature: An additional chapter on Organic Synthesis Approach which helps to design routes of synthesis via retro analysis."

Advances in Structure and Activity Relationship of Coumarin Derivatives covers the structural behavior of various coumarin derivatives for various potential pharmaceutical applications. Based on substitution targeted for active sites, the book takes a rational approach for designing new and specific potent drugs, optimizing existing ones, and developing novel reactions. This focused primer describes the chemical structure and activity of coumarin derivatives to explore the effects of different substituents at specific positions, and their properties for effective bioactivity. - Accessible and current coverage of coumarin derivatives from structure to potential applications - Application of SAR technology to predict bioactivity of the derivatives based on its chemical structure - Information for researchers in medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences, and related fields

Coumarin chemistry has become great important in recent years because of the discovery of the varied biochemical properties, industrial uses and analytical applications of these compounds. A considerable amount of work has been done on coumarins and has been reviewed by a number of coworkers. Benzo-2-pyrones, commonly known as coumarins, are a fascinating group of compounds occurring widely in nature, both in free and combined states. Benzo-2-pyrones and benzo-4-pyrones are known as coumarins and chromones respectively.

Fluorescence reporter is the key element of any sensing or imaging technology. Its optimal choice and implementation is very important for increasing the sensitivity, precision, multiplexing power, and also the spectral, temporal, and spatial reso- tion in different methods of research and practical analysis. Therefore, design of ?uorescence reporters with advanced properties is one of the most important problems. In this volume, top experts in this ?eld provide advanced knowledge on the design and properties of ?uorescent dyes. Organic dyes were the ?rst ?uorescent materials used for analytical purposes, and we observe that they retain their leading positions against strong competition of new materials – conjugated polymers, semiconductor nanocrystals, and metal chelating complexes. Recently, molecular and cellular biology got a valuable tool of organic ?uorophores synt- sized by cell machinery and incorporated into green ?uorescent protein and its analogs. Demands of various ?uorescence techniques operating in spectral, anisotropy, and time domains require focused design of ?uorescence reporters well adapted to these techniques. Near-IR spectral range becomes more and more attractive for various applications, and new dyes emitting in this range are strongly requested. Two-photonic ?uorescence has become one of the major tools in bioimaging, and ?uorescence reporters well adapted to this technique are in urgent need. These problems cannot be solved without the knowledge of fundamental principles of dye design and of physical phenomena behind their ?uorescence response.

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of recent trends of green science and technology. Worldwide deterioration of environment and global warming threaten our lifestyle and the survival of all creatures. In order to weather these problems, we need to construct a multidisciplinary approach involving the fusion of various advanced researches. The book begins with an overview on fundamental research about generation and utilization of renewable energy, protection of the earth's ecosystem for better coexistence with nature, development of artificial intelligence-based agriculture and molecular recognitionbased welfare and covers a wide range of innovative research on green science and technology.

Warfarin (also known under the brand names of Coumadin, Jantoven, Marevan, and Waran) is an anticoagulant medication that is administered orally or, very rarely, by injection. It is used for the prophylaxis of thrombosis and embolism in many disorders. Its activity has to be monitored by frequent blood testing for the international normalised ratio (INR). It is named for the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Warfarin is a synthetic derivative of coumarin, a chemical found naturally in many plants, notably woodruff (Galium odoratum, Rubiaceae), and at lower levels in liquorice, lavender and various other species. Warfarin was originally developed as a rat poison; however, more modern poisons are much more potent and toxic (e.g., brodifacoum). Warfarin and contemporary rodenticides belong to the same class of drugs (coumarins) and both decrease blood coagulation by interfering with vitamin K metabolism. For this reason, drugs in this class are also referred to as vitamin K antagonists.

Natural products chemistry—the chemistry of metabolite products of plants, animals and microorganisms—is involved in the investigation of biological phenomena ranging from drug mechanisms to gametophytes and receptors and drug metabolism in the human body to protein and enzyme chemistry. Introduction to Natural Products Chemistry has collected the most important research results of natural product chemistry in China. It overviews the basic principles of isolation, structure, and characteristics of natural products and illustrates current research techniques of structure elucidation with real-life examples of wet chemistry and spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, MS, and NMR, especially 2d-NMR, HMBC, and HMQC), bioactivity, biosynthesis, and chemical synthesis. Specifically, this book covers: Extraction and isolation of natural products Chemistry of fungal products Alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, and saponins Amino acids and peptides Flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, and lignans Marine natural products Structural modification of active principles from traditional Chinese medicine Chemical synthesis of natural products Although natural products chemistry has produced enormous results and made great contributions to human health, industry, and agriculture, only a fraction of natural resources have been rigorously studied. Chinese natural products are a gold mine for further exploration with modern technology and methods. This book represents the continuing collaboration between the fields of natural products chemistry, medicine, biology, and agriculture which will continue to discover and implement novel chemical products from natural sources.

This book covers a wide range of topics related to functional dyes, from synthesis and functionality to application. Making a survey of recent progress in functional dye chemistry, it provides an opportunity not only to understand the structure-property relationships of a variety of functional dyes but also to know how they are applied in practical use, from electronic devices to biochemical analyses. From classic dyes such as cyanines, squaraines, porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and others to the newest functional π-conjugation systems, various types of functional dyes are dealt with extensively in the book, focusing especially on the state of the art and the future. Readers will benefit greatly from the scientific context in which organic dyes and pigments are comprehensively explained on the basis of chemistry.

The endocannabinoid system represents a highly complex lipid-based (neuro-) transmitter system and can be found in nearly all animals. Since the discovery of the two main cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 in the early '90, intensive research reviled a substantial influence of this system on many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Direct and selective targeting of the system bears a huge potential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches, especially for the treatment of chronical pain, inflammation or other neurological disorders. Therefore, the endocannabinoid system is a promising target in drug development. In the presented thesis, the design, syntheses and pharmacologic evaluation of substituted coumarins as potential new drug candidates as selective synthetic cannabinoids were investigated. In a combinatorial synthetic approach, several new libraries of new ligands were synthesised and subsequently pharmacological tested. Additionally, in a second project, novel reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors have been synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. Thereby, several important structure-activity relationships for high potency or selectivity were found. Nearly all potencies of the developed inhibitors were determined in the nanomolar regions.