Money, particularly coins, has been one of the most significant inventions in human society. It is a marvel developed through centuries of experimentation and innovation. Since its introduction, money has continually evolved, serving as both, a medium of exchange in daily life and a store of wealth for the future. Among the earliest forms of money were coins, valued for their intrinsic material content, such as gold, silver, iron, and copper. Coins have played a vital role in human civilization, and over time, Indian coins have undergone numerous design transformations. Many people are often surprised when they come across older coins, which reflect the rich history and cultural heritage of India. Motivated by this fascination, I decided to collect various Indian coins, arrange them chronologically, and present them in this book. It will be helpful for this generation and the coming generations to know the journey of Indian Coins from 1947-2024. It is the need of the hour, as our monetary system is on the way to digitalisation. It is possible that in few years, coins can only be seen in museums as relics of the past. This book serves as a guiding light, illuminating the glorious journey of Indian coins for all to see and appreciate.

India stands as a beacon of hope and resilience in Asia, as a thriving democracy, a secular republic, and a growing economic power. This book captures the contributions of important people, events, and institutions that have shaped India in its 75 years as an independent country. Each entry is a captivating stand-alone story which traces the genesis and importance of the subject's contribution. Sharp insights, analyses, and questions of “what if?” pepper the entries, prompting the reader to think deeper. Together, they represent the kaleidoscope that is modern India, making up a fascinating mosaic of the myriad influences that have made India a liberal democracy and a plural society. This book would be of interest primarily to academics, scholars, and university students, but especially to young people, civil service aspirants, and researchers who would find a compendium of this kind useful in garnering a nuanced understanding of the history of independent India.

This is a Reference Annual, a yearbook carrying all the information of central government schemes, programmes and policies. Information of States and UTs is also included in the Reference Book.

What is Money History The history of money is the development over time of systems for the exchange, storage, and measurement of wealth. Money is a means of fulfilling these functions indirectly and in general rather than directly, as with barter. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: History of money Chapter 2: Currency Chapter 3: Coin Chapter 4: Gold standard Chapter 5: Commodity money Chapter 6: Cash Chapter 7: Banknote Chapter 8: Philippine peso Chapter 9: Indian rupee Chapter 10: Monetary system Chapter 11: Token money Chapter 12: Silver standard Chapter 13: Dutch guilder Chapter 14: Japanese currency Chapter 15: Money Chapter 16: Korean currency Chapter 17: Metallism Chapter 18: Credit theory of money Chapter 19: Fiat money Chapter 20: Chartalism Chapter 21: History of Philippine money (II) Answering the public top questions about money history. (III) Real world examples for the usage of money history in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Money History.

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What is United States Dollar There are a number of countries that use the United States dollar as their official currency, including the United States of America. According to the Coinage Act of 1792, the United States dollar was placed on an equal footing with the Spanish silver dollar. Additionally, the dollar was divided into 100 cents, and the minting of coins denominated in dollars and cents was authorized. The United States of America issues banknotes in the form of Federal Reserve Notes, which are commonly referred to as greenbacks due to the fact that they are mostly green in color. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: United States dollar Chapter 2: Coins of the United States dollar Chapter 3: Shilling Chapter 4: Seigniorage Chapter 5: Canadian dollar Chapter 6: Philippine peso Chapter 7: Legal tender Chapter 8: Hong Kong dollar Chapter 9: Dollar coin (United States) Chapter 10: Indian rupee Chapter 11: Coinage Act of 1792 Chapter 12: Silver certificate (United States) Chapter 13: Australian pound Chapter 14: Bermudian dollar Chapter 15: History of the United States dollar Chapter 16: Silver standard Chapter 17: Dutch guilder Chapter 18: History of the Canadian dollar Chapter 19: Canadian pound Chapter 20: Coinage Act of 1834 Chapter 21: National Numismatic Collection (II) Answering the public top questions about united states dollar. (III) Real world examples for the usage of united states dollar in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of United States Dollar.

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The knowledge and general range of interest in Indian history is restricted to Indus Valley Civilization, Mughal Dynasty (that too up to Aurangzeb's reign), Sher Shah Suri (for his building Grand Trunk Road, though it was built long before him), Mohammad-ibn Tughlak (due to the wrong and whimsical actions shown during his reign) and British era (restricted to Battle of Plassey and Lord Clive). Moreover, the major focus of history is oriented mainly around political history. Social and natural history is mostly ignored from general historical information. The 12,000-year-old Indian historical timeline is vast, and it may take years to acquire reasonable knowledge of the history of India. This book makes an effort to catch this vast spectrum of Indian history as a snippet in limited space. Efforts are made to capture social, natural, scientific, art, and human history alongside political history. Indian history, for the general readers, focuses mostly on North Indian (?ry?varta) History. Not many are aware of the rich history of the south of Vindhya Range and also the history of India that exists east of Patna. This book attempts to capture the contemporary history of South India and Eastern India along with North Indian History. The study of history is not complete unless one gets an overall global perspective of a particular period. This book tries to capture contemporary Global History alongside Indian History in that particular age.

This book provides a unique insider’s look at the world’s largest film industry, now globally known as ‘Bollywood’ and challenges existing notions about Indian films. Indian films have been a worldwide phenomenon for decades. Chapters in this edited volume take a fresh view of various hidden gems by maestros such as Raj Kapoor, Bimal Roy, V Shantaram, Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen, Shakti Samant, Rishikesh Mukherjee, and others. Other chapters provide a pioneering review and analysis of the portrayal of Indian religious communities such as Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Parsis. The themes covered include unique Indian feminism and male chauvinism, environment and climate issues, international locations and diaspora tourism, religious harmony and conflict, the India-Pakistan relationship, asceticism, and renunciation in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. Unlike many recent studies of Indian films, these chapters do not distinguish between popular and serious cinema. Many chapters focus on Hindi films, but others bring insights from films made in other parts of India and its neighbouring countries. One of the chapters in this volume was originally published in the book titled Film and Place in an Intercultural Perspective India-Europe Film Connections, edited by Krzysztof Stachowiak, Hania Janta, Jani Kozina, and Therese Sunngren-Granlund. Another chapter was originally published in Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology. All other chapters were originally published in Visual Anthropology.

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