Certain questions emerge from Black Africa's ancient and modern history: How did the various races evolve from an original African race? Were ancient Nubia and ancient Egypt the first neighbouring black African nations? How did the slave trade, colonialism and neo-colonialism contribute to the economic and technological advancement of Europe and America? Did a US president order the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the Congo? Was the HIV/AIDS epidemic caused by pre-independence vaccination campaigns? Why are Africa's mineral resources falling into the hands of greedy gangster politicians and warlords? Is the poor state of Africa's health solely due to a failure of leadership? Within the confines of this compact history of Africa, the author simply tells it as he sees it.

Somaliland is an example of a territory that has fulfilled the conditions that are pre-requisite for state recognition in the international system. Somaliland is however, not recognised as a state. Questions abound about why Somaliland finds itself in this situation when there are territories which obtained recognition after fulfilling a fraction of what Somaliland has achieved. This study contributes to answering the aforementioned questions. This study has certain objectives. It delved into the examination of the criteria that is used for the recognition of states in the international system. It also analyses the role of intergovernmental organizations in the non-recognition of Somaliland. The objective of this study is also to make an assessment of the nature of interactions between Somaliland, and other actors in the international system.

Congo, a former Belgian colony, at the beginning of the independence of the territory, a brave and dedicated leader, Patrice Emery Lumumba, won the election and was appointed Prime Minister. As the first Prime Minister of a democratic Congo, the newly elected representative of the country filled with devotion had in mind to providing Congolese with a better future. He therefore fought on behalf of Congolese. His methods were disliked by the former colonizers for whom he became a danger to their interests in Congo after his speech on independence day, on June 30, 1960. Since then, various plots were arranged against him to be killed. Those conspiracies never succeeded against him since they were unfortunately aborted for the most. The country fell into a state of incredible disrepair due to recurrent oppositions since September 14 of that year. Soon, Mobutu's forces backed by the CIA arrested Lumumba, on December 1, 1960 and he was guarded by the UN troops. Later, Lumumba was sent to Elizabethville, in the Katanga, the territory of his rival Moïse Tshombe. At his arrival, he was beaten by both Katanga's and Belgians' forces to death. On January 17, 1960, Patrice Emery Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo was assassinated in cold blood by various perpetrators. After 61 years in Belgium the remaining teeth were sent back the the DRC for burial on June 30, 2022.

The security concerns of the United Nations today extend far beyond what the writers of the 1945 Charter could have imagined. As a result, the UN has been compelled to reconsider the parameters of what constitutes a threat to international peace and security, and what it means to be safe and secure in the twenty-first century. This text critically assesses the capacity of the UN to evolve in response to changing notions of security, and examines the complex history of people, places and politics that have helped shape this important global actor.