Classic study of the fiscal crisis that gripped New York City — and much of urban America — in the 1970s.

Rethinking the causes and consequences of Britain’s default on its First World War debts to the United States of America The Long Shadow of Default focuses on an important but neglected example of sovereign default between two of the wealthiest and most powerful democracies in modern history. The United Kingdom accrued considerable financial debts to the United States during and immediately after the First World War. In 1934, the British government unilaterally suspended payment on these debts. This book examines why the United Kingdom was one of the last major powers to default on its war debts to the United States and how these outstanding obligations affected political and economic relations between both governments. The British government’s unpaid debts cast a surprisingly long shadow over policymaking on both sides of the Atlantic. Memories of British default would limit transatlantic cooperation before and after the Second World War, inform Congressional debates about the economic difficulties of the 1970s, and generate legal challenges for both governments up until the 1990s. More than a century later, the United Kingdom’s war debts to the United States remain unpaid and outstanding. David James Gill provides one of the most detailed historical analyses of any sovereign default. He brings attention to an often-neglected episode in international history to inform, refine, and sometimes challenge the wider study of sovereign default.

Financial crises have been pervasive for many years. Their frequency in recent decades has been double that of the Bretton Woods Period (1945-1971) and the Gold Standard Era (1880-1993), comparable only to the period during the Great Depression. Nevertheless, the financial crisis that started in the summer of 2007 came as a great surprise to most people. What initially was seen as difficulties in the U.S. subprime mortgage market, rapidly escalated and spilled over first to financial markets and then to the real economy. The crisis changed the financial landscape worldwide and its full costs are yet to be evaluated. One important reason for the global impact of the 2007-2009 financial crisis was massive illiquidity in combination with an extreme exposure of many financial institutions to liquidity needs and market conditions. As a consequence, many financial instruments could not be traded anymore, investors ran on a variety of financial institutions particularly in wholesale markets, financial institutions and industrial firms started to sell assets at fire sale prices to raise cash, and central banks all over the world injected huge amounts of liquidity into financial systems. But what is liquidity and why is it so important for firms and financial institutions to command enough liquidity? This book brings together classic articles and recent contributions to this important field of research. It provides comprehensive coverage of the role of liquidity in financial crises and is divided into five parts: (i) liquidity and interbank markets; (ii) the public provision of liquidity and regulation; (iii) money, liquidity and asset prices; (iv) contagion effects; (v) financial crises and currency crises.

This book examines the effect of banking on the real economy and society, focusing on banking supervision as the decisive factor in steering banking activities and determining the social outcome of the game of finance. Banking is like a cardiovascular system for our society. If it functions correctly, it allows the economy to operate smoothly. On the other hand, if it malfunctions it becomes a doomsday device. This creates an asymmetry of risks – the asymmetry between the potential dire consequences and the modest rewards of accepting those risks. Banking was one of the critical technological factors enabling the transition from the middle ages and the creation of modern society. However, while today it contributes little to economic growth, its malfunction has a profound and lasting adverse impact. The book explains why, how and what. Why is it important to keep tight supervision of the banks? How can banking supervision improve stability, not only of the financial system but also of the whole human society? What went wrong with the regulation in the past?

Software Telemetry is a guide to operating the telemetry systems that monitor and maintain your applications. It takes a big picture view of telemetry, teaching you to manage your logging, metrics, and events as a complete end-to-end ecosystem. You'll learn the base architecture that underpins any software telemetry system, allowing you to easily integrate new systems into your existing infrastructure, and how these systems work under the hood. Throughout, you'll follow three very different companies to see how telemetry techniques impact a greenfield startup, a large legacy enterprise, and a non-technical organization without any in-house development. You'll even cover how software telemetry is used by court processes--ensuring that when your first telemetry subpoena arrives, there's no reason to panic!

A classic O'Reilly title since 1993, sendmail now covers Versions 8.10 through 8.14 of this email routing program, including dozens of new features, options, and macros. This edition also takes a more nuts-and-bolts approach than its predecessors. It includes both an administration handbook and a reference guide that provide you with clear options for installing, configuring and managing sendmail's latest versions and companion programs. The sendmail program has withstood the test of time because of its ability to solve the mail-routing needs of all sites large or small, complex or simple. But it's also difficult to configure and even more difficult to understand. That's why this book has proven valuable since the dawn of email. With it, you will be able to configure the program to meet any need, so that you never again have to call in a sendmail guru to bail you out. sendmail includes the following sections: Some Basics is especially useful for people new to the program. It covers the basic concepts underlying mail delivery and the roles sendmail plays in that delivery Administration covers all aspects of handling sendmail, from downloading and installing new releases to managing mailing lists and aliases Configuration Reference contains a heavily cross-referenced guide for configuring and tuning sendmail. Every arcane detail of sendmail is listed alphabetically Appendices contain more detail about sendmail than you may ever need This edition also includes new material on SSL and AUTH and a new chapter on Mitlers. If you're interested in what has changed since the last edition, one appendix categorizes the many improvements of sendmail's intervening versions by chapter, complete with references to the appropriate sections and page numbers in the book. With sendmail, system administrators, programmers, network engineers, and even inexperienced users will be able to match this challenging but necessary utility to the needs of their network.

AutoCAD Plant 3D 2024 for Designers book introduces the readers to AutoCAD Plant 3D 2024, one of the world’s leading application, designed specifically to create and modify P&ID’s and plant 3D models. In this book, the author emphasizes on the features of AutoCAD Plant 3D 2024 that allow the user to design piping & instrumentation diagrams and 3D piping models. Also, the chapters are structured in a pedagogical sequence that makes this book very effective in learning the features and capabilities of AutoCAD Plant 3D 2024. Special emphasis has been laid in this book on tutorials and exercises, which relate to the real world projects, help you understand the usage and abilities of the tools available in AutoCAD Plant 3D 2024. You will learn how to setup a project, create and edit P&IDs, design a 3D Plant model, generate isometric/orthographic drawings, as well as how to publish and print drawings. Salient Features Consists of 10 chapters that are organized in a pedagogical sequence. Project on a Thermal Power Plant. Comprehensive coverage of AutoCAD Plant 3D 2024 concepts and techniques. Tutorial approach to explain the concepts. Detailed explanation of all commands and tools. Real-world mechanical engineering designs as tutorials. Additional information in the form of notes and tips. Self-Evaluation Tests and Review Questions at the end of each chapter to help the users assess their knowledge. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to AutoCAD Plant 3D Chapter 2: Creating Project and P&IDs Chapter 3: Creating Structures Chapter 4: Creating Equipment Chapter 5: Editing Specifications and Catalogs Chapter 6: Routing Pipes Chapter 7: Adding Valves, Fittings, and Pipe Supports Chapter 8: Creating Isometric Drawings Chapter 9: Creating Orthographic Drawings Chapter 10: Managing Data and Creating Reports Project: Thermal Power Plant Index

The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive departments and agencies of the United States Federal Government.