The book provides a detailed description in color format of the optic nerve head changes that occur in glaucoma. It explains the normal and variant anatomy of an optic nerve head and why certain discs are more or less likely to develop glaucomatous changes. This book attempts to explain the anatomical basis of common and not so common signs seen in optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer as captured by a digital fundus imaging system and optical coherence tomography. It also includes optic nerve head conditions mimicking glaucoma. The book is relevant for practicing ophthalmologists, vision science researchers, clinical optometrists, postgraduate residents in ophthalmology, sub-specialty fellows as well as general ophthalmologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons.

This well-illustrated two volume set covers the field of ophthalmology, from the fundamentals to the most recent advances. Each section is dedicated to a specific area of the eye and covers basic techniques, investigative modules and treatment methods. With the help of 2500 images and illustrations, this book covers topics such as glaucoma, ocular oncology, nystagmus, refractive surgery, strabismus and lasers in ophthalmology. Low vision, medico-legal aspects, operating room sterilisation and ocular emergencies are also discussed.

This is the first practical reference book focusing only on common optic nerve disorders. The author discusses diagnosis, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of complex optic nerve disorders. The book is organized by optic nerve diagnoses commonly encountered in a neuro-ophthalmologic practice. It is written in a clear, concise style for quick, easy reference in the clinic. Each chapter is formatted in a similar manner. Neurologists and ophthalmologists will find this book useful when they need a practical reference for incorporating optic nerve evaluation in their clinical practice.

This book provides a comprehensive account of the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of ocular vascular occlusive disorders, with the focus very much on the scientific evidence. This offers a sound basis for addressing the many controversies that surround these disorders, which collectively constitute the most common cause of visual impairment or blindness. The book is divided into two sections, the first of which addresses the basic science and encompasses vascular anatomy, blood supply and flow, and retinal tolerance time to acute ischemia. The second, clinical, section covers the presentation, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of the full range of vascular occlusive disorders of the retina, the choroid, the anterior segment of the eye, ophthalmic manifestations of carotid artery disease and the optic nerve. Ocular Vascular Occlusive Disorders, written by a distinguished world leader in the field, will be invaluable for general ophthalmologists, and particularly for retina specialists, neuro-ophthalmologists, and researchers.

I have been asked to write a brief foreword to this volume honoring Hisako Ikeda, providing a review of the accomplishments in our field over the past four decades, when Hisako was an active participant. This I am delighted to do. It has been a most exciting time in vision research and Hisako has been right in the middle of much of the excitement, publishing on a wide variety of topics and providing much new data and many new insights. Hisako's research career can be divided by decades into four quite distinct areas of inquiry. In the 1950s, as a student in Japan, her research interests were psychophysical in nature, and she was concerned with visual illusions, figural aftereffects, and motion detec tion. In the 1960s, after her move to London, she began electrophysiological studies. Much of her work in the 1960s was concerned with the electroretinogram (ERG), its components, and the use of this electrical response for evaluating spectral sensitivities of the eye and retinal degenerations. This work represented the beginning of her electrodiagnostic clinical work, which continued until her retirement.

Specifically for the health professional, this book contains an extensive compilation of research findings on biologic variation by race, age, and gender relating to health and illness. Completely rewritten, revised, and updated, the Second Edition includes an increased discussion of biologic variation and expanded coverage of each chapter topic. This book provides a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanisms that influence biologic variation. It presents a well-documented discussion of research data and indicates areas where knowledge is lacking. A theoretical explanation is followed by examination of surface and anatomical variations, developmental variation, biochemical and enzymatic variations, disease susceptibility differences, and influence of the external variation. Consideration of sexual variation reveals more differences between the sexes than among races. Misconceptions about racial uniformity and diversity are exposed throughout the book. Tables of specific biologic variations allow easy reference and access to the literature.

Foreword Volume 2 of our serial publication continues our desire to address glaucoma with a combination of science and speculation. As science expands, the emphasis is on data, interpretation, and dogma. We disagree; open minds open new approaches. Using methodologies that are primarily molecular and genetic, we seek to refine the causes of glaucoma as well as how it is best treated, especially incorporating thoughts and hypotheses about new methods of treatment. Glaucoma is a complex disease, and genetics proves that a variety of proteins are culpable at one level. At another level, however, there are likely final common pathways and numerous feedback loops which have defied explanations to date. The search for answers goes on in basic science researcher’s laboratories and clinical ophthalmologist’s offices and operating rooms. We are all well-served by understanding that glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease. Current attempts to solve the disease have focused on two strategic arenas: the trabecular meshwork function and its impact on intraocular pressure as a major risk factor for the disease; and the optic nerve dysfunction leading to visual loss. Genetic mutations have yielded puzzling clues to the cause, but without resolution. For example, mutations in myocilin and optineurin genes are closely connected to the phenotype, but how do they cause the disease? In the next two years, priority areas of research are signaling pathway discoveries, biomarker panels, epigenetic factors, and continued genomic studies to yield answers to the common final pathways of the disease. The final pathways are complex and redundant, such that the overlap of bio-informatics will be challenging. Current promising leads suggest the innate immune system holds important clues to both trabecular meshwork and optic nerve pathophysiology. When the primary open-angle glaucoma disease pathways are unraveled, drug discoveries and new treatment modalities will be available for better regulation of intraocular pressure and neuroprotection for the optic nerve. This volume discusses the glaucoma pipeline from several perspectives as well as future candidate classes. As always, the authors herein are urged to speculate on how the cure of glaucomatous optic nerve damage will yield to new treatments. John R. Samples Clinical Professor, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University School of Medicine www.glaucomaconcepts.com Paul A. Knepper Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School Research Scientist, University of Illinois at Chicago

Neuro-ophthalmology is a merged subspecialty of neurology and ophthalmology dealing with complex multisystem diseases presenting with visual manifestations. This book helps the reader in recognizing, approaching, and managing such a patient. It covers the afferent and efferent systems, pupillary disorders, and Radiology of neuro-ophthalmic conditions. It features individual symptomatology with salient points, their management and differential diagnosis. It has case scenarios, key points, and algorithms along with self-assessment MCQ questions. Its simplified, step wise approach will be a useful resource for neurologists, ophthalmologists, physicians, pediatricians, and optometrists. Key Features • Features a simplified and stepwise clinical approach to neuro-ophthalmic disorders. • Includes case studies and clinical pearls along with self-assessment sections. • Covers to the point and crisp analysis of common complaints faced in neuro-ophthalmology. All the royalties of this book are donated to the Poor Patients Cell of PGIMER, Chandigarh.

The vitreous body long has been the most mysterious of all ocular structures, owing perhaps to its seeming simplicity. There have been few concerted, sustained efforts to unravel the mysteries of how vitreous is composed and what role it plays in normal physiology as well as pathology. Over the years, however, many studies have produced important findings concerning vitreous biochemistry, structure, physiology, and pathobiology. Published on the 25th anniversary of Sebag's first book on Vitreous, this second installment is nearly five times longer than its predecessor, reflecting how much has been learned in the past quarter century. This well-constructed compendium not only addresses the most current scientific knowledge, but also reviews clinical perspectives in a manner that lends richness to the scope of the book. Written by 90 authors, this book has 56 chapters organized into 7 sections: Biochemistry; Anatomy, Development, and Aging; Pathology/Pathobiology; Physiology and Phamacotherapy; Posterior Vitreo-Retinal Surgery; Peripheral Vitreo-Retinal Surgery; and Pharmacologic Vitreolysis. With a foreword by Coleman & Lincoff and an introduction by Wallace Foulds, Sebag's latest tome on vitreous is destined to be the authoritative text for years to come.