A holistic approach to interpreting early modern London society.

This book analyses the ongoing reform of the European economic union in the light of the new objective of ‘stability of the euro area as a whole’ in Article 136(3) TFEU. On the basis of the relevant legal sources, it qualifies this objective as the obligation to preserve the existence of the monetary union, the establishment of which was an EU goal laid down in Article 3(4) TEU. While to date the objective has been achieved through fiscal and macroeconomic consolidation in the member states and the activation of stabilisation mechanisms in cases of emergency, the book argues that full stability requires a better system of economic governance, either through a process of partial fiscal centralisation or the return to a more efficient and sustainable market discipline of public finances. It also analyses the concrete legal challenges these raise, including compliance with the conferral principle, the longstanding democratic deficit of the governance and the balance between financial solidarity and fiscal responsibility.

Female faculty underrepresentation in higher education is perpetuated by gender-based social and professional practices and roles. Existing research confirms gender disparities in faculty recruitment, retention, salary, tenure, and mentorship. This book explores how female, tenure-track faculty navigate the process of balancing their personal and professional lives. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the stories of nine female, full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty as well as four administrators employed in faculty diversity, development, and work-life are explored. With a blended application of poststructuralist feminism and work-family border theoretical framework, the book illustrates gender norms, roles, and boundaries as experienced and interpreted by female faculty navigating their work, family, and community spheres of influence. This book highlights the first known study to explore a “new Ivy” institution, and there are no other known studies that incorporate both the qualitative perspectives of female faculty as well as those of the faculty diversity and development administrators who oversee and develop the very programs and policies that support those faculty. A key chapter in the book, “Baby, It’s Cold Inside: Faculty Context & Campus Climate” offers unique insight into what female faculty, and those who love them, face on the path to tenure today. Five thematic findings are overviewed and explored: faculty support comes in many forms; seeking clarity in job elements and teaching, research, service (TRS) ratios; coping strategies in the wake of an overloaded TRS ratio (“Quick meals, late nights, and what gym?”); family borders in the academy, and work-life-family fit: stability, not balance. This work aims to stimulate faculty gender norm consciousness and acknowledge and relay the unique challenges in faculty’s pursuit of work-life-family stability, career path navigation, and role negotiation. The author offers an insider’s glimpse of modern faculty and administrator lives for the benefit of tenure-track faculty, their departments, their families, and higher education institutions at large. This work aims to better inform university and departmental policy planning and enhance institutional understanding and subsequent support in and of the faculty experience, and thus the experiences of the increasingly diverse students whom educational institutions aim to serve.

Motivation is that which moves us to action. Human motivation is thus a complex issue, as people are moved to action by both their evolved natures and by myriad familial, social and cultural influences. The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation collects the top theorists and researchers of human motivation into a single volume, capturing the current state-of-the-art in this fast developing field. The book includes theoretical overviews from some of the best-known thinkers in this area, including chapters on Social Learning Theory, Control Theory, Self-determination theory, Terror Management theory, and the Promotion and Prevention perspective. Topical chapters appear on phenomena such as ego-depletion, flow, curiosity, implicit motives, and personal interests. A section specifically highlights goal research, including chapters on goal regulation, achievement goals, the dynamics of choice, unconscious goals and process versus outcome focus. Still other chapters focus on evolutionary and biological underpinnings of motivation, including chapters on cardiovascular dynamics, mood, and neuropsychology. Finally, chapters bring motivation down to earth in reviewing its impact within relationships, and in applied areas such as psychotherapy, work, education, sport, and physical activity. By providing reviews of the most advanced work by the very best scholars in this field, The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation represents an invaluable resource for both researchers and practitioners, as well as any student of human nature.

Long term contracts have been used in the international petroleum industry since its earliest days. However, they have been prone to unilateral revision by host governments in countries where the petroleum reserves are located. In the 1970s a wave of nationalisations and contract renegotiations led to a number of much cited arbitral awards and significant changes in contracting practice in the international petroleum industry. Recently, it has become clear that a new wave of unilateral state action is taking place in the international petroleum industry, most evidently in Latin America and Russia. These developments increase the tempo of a long-term process in which the exposure of largely privately owned Western energy companies to unilateral state action has been increasing. The book asks: how have legal processes and instruments developed to mitigate that growing exposure, and why have they had so little success? This monograph examines and assesses the variety of legal instruments from international and commercial law that have been designed to promote stability in long-term contracts in the international energy industry (including dedicated contract provisions, bilateral investment treaties and multilateral treaty instruments). It covers both energy production and networks involving large-scale fixed infrastructure. It pays particular attention to their practical impact through an analysis of their enforcement by arbitration tribunals and bodies, such as the ICSID, the ICC and the LCIA. The book also examines the growing challenges presented by environmental and 'social' risk to the stability of long-term agreements. The book's approach is both analytical and historical, locating legal instruments and enforcement awards in their context, discussing their origins and purpose.

The public debt/GDP ratio in several countries showed the largest ever peacetime increase during the last 20 years of the 20th century, thereby causing widespread fiscal unsustainability. Towards the latter half of the 1990s, several governments initiated steps to reverse this trend, however, they frequently found that their policies were not always successful. This book examines why. that merely running a primary surplus to restore fiscal sustainability will not always work. In effect, governments may simply shift the problem to other sectors of the economy, therby creating economic instability. By linking the budget constraints of govenment and non-governmental agents at a macroeconomic level, the author's framework allows him to measure how changes to the budget of one economic sector are transferred to the budgetary position of another sector. By taking account of thes sectoral balance effects, as well as the role of uncertainty and expectations, the book develops a set of rules for the maintnance of fiscal sustainability and economic stability. position of fiscal sustainability, this book should be useful for economists and academic working on fiscal and macroeconomic policy, especially from a Post-Keynesian perspective, and policymakers interested in ensuring economic and fiscal stability.

The effects of forest harvesting policies on timber-dependent communities go beyond simple economics. The papers presented address the issues from the viewpoints of government, the timber industry, and environmentalists.