This Is An Introductory Book Which Explains The Foundations Of The Subject And Its Application. It Is Intended Primarily For Graduate Students But May Provide Useful Information And Reading To Science And Engineering Students At All Levels. It Assumes That Readers Have Knowledge Of Basic Thermodynamics And Quantum Mechanics. With This, The Theory Has Been Developed In A Simple, Logical And Understandable Way. Some Applications Of Statistical Thermodynamics Have Been Described In Detail With Illustrative Solved Examples.There Are Two Basic Approaches In Statistical Mechanics; One Based On The Study Of Independent Particles In An Isolated System And The Other Based On The Concept Of Ensembles. In This Book Attempt Has Been Made To Take Advantage Of Both Approaches. While The Fundamental Concepts Have Been Developed By First Approach, Concept Of Ensembles Have Been Included To Bring Out The Importance Of This Concept In The Application Of Statistical Thermodynamics To Chemical Systems Where Interparticle Interactions Become Important.Part I Of The Book Deals With The Background Concepts, Fundamentals In Mathematics, Classical Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics And Thermodynamics Which Are Essential For Statistical Mechanics. Part Ii Covers Formalism Of Statistical Mechanism And Its Relation To Thermodynamics As Well As The Statistical Mechanics Of Ensembles, Quantum Statistics And Fluctuations. Part Iii Includes Chapters On The Applications Of The Formalism To Real Laboratory Chemical Systems. In This Part Additions Such As Imperfect Gases, Equilibrium Isotope And Kinetic Isotope Effects And Reactions At The Surfaces Have Been Made, In This Edition. Part Iv Is Also An Addition Which Covers Quantum Systems Such As Ideal Fermi Gas (Free Electrons In Metals), Photon Gas And Ideal Bose Gas (Helium Gas).

As the title suggests, Isotope Effects in the Chemical, Geological and Bio Sciences deals with differences in the properties of isotopically substituted molecules, such as differences in the chemical and physical properties of water and the heavy waters. Since the various fields in which isotope effects are applied do not only share fundamental principles but also experimental techniques, this book includes a discussion of experimental apparatus and experimental techniques. Isotope Effects in the Chemical, Geological and Bio Sciences is an educational monograph addressed to graduate students and others undertaking isotope effect research. The fundamental principles needed to understand isotope effects are presented in appropriate detail. While it is true that these principles are more familiar to students of physical chemistry and some background in physical chemistry is recommended, the text provides enough detail to make the book an asset to students in organic and biochemistry, and geochemistry.

The field of isotope effects has expanded exponentially in the last decade, and researchers are finding isotopes increasingly useful in their studies. Bringing literature on the subject up to date, Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology covers current principles, methods, and a broad range of applications of isotope effects in the physical, biolo

Isotope effects have become one of the most powerful tools available to the enzymologist for probing enzymic mechanisms. Enzyme Mechanism from Isotope Effects presents the basic theory underlying isotope effects, including the latest findings on proton tunneling and coupled atomic notions. Specific theoretical applications are emphasized in regard to the types of information that can be obtained using isotope effects. The book also examines recent theoretical treatments of the product dependence of deuterium isotope effects, multiple isotope effects and isotope effects on intermediate partitioning. Other topics include a complete discussion of methods for measuring isotope effects, including a detailed description of the use of the isotope ratio mass spectrometer to obtain isotope effects, and a review of the literature regarding mechanistic information obtained from isotope effects for individual classes of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Enzyme Mechanism from Isotope Effects is an excellent reference source for investigators using isotope effects in their research. The book is also valuable for reference libraries and instructors teaching courses in enzyme mechanism.

Welcome to your study of enzyme kinetics, the subject that underlies all enzymology, which in turn underlies all aspects of biochemistry. This text will give you an introduction to a wide range of topics that constitute the modern enzyme kinetics. This textbook is directed at graduate students in biochemistry, chemistry, and life sciences, for advanced courses in enzyme kinetics, enzymology, and enzyme chemistry. For this reason, the whole book is organized in a systematic and scholarly fashion. It is unlikely that the student will be expected to cover everything in the text, but in a later career she or he may find it an invaluable reference for topics that are needed in practice. The concepts, definitions and detailed algebra of enzyme kinetics are laid out in accurate detail. For that reason, this textbook can also serve as a handbook for enzyme kinetics for research workers in the field. The research worker will find it a useful source, which can be used for solving the daily experimental problems in the laboratory. The preparation of the manuscript for this book was under the constant surveillance of W. Wallace Cleland, Professor of Chemical Science at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, and one of the founders of modern enzyme kinetics. Without his help and advice, this bookwould not be possible. Several versions of the manuscript were constantly corrected and improved by Svetlana Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Novi Sad.

The use of Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is increasing in many areas of science and technology for source allocation, authentication, and characterization of transformation reactions. Until now, there have been no textbooks available for students with an analytical chemical background or basic introductory books emphasising the instrumentation and theory. This book is the first to focus solely on stable isotope analysis of individual compounds in sometimes complex mixtures. It acts as both a lecture companion for students and a consultant for advanced scientists in fields including forensic and environmental science. The book starts with a brief history of the field before going on to explain stable isotopes from scratch. The different ways to express isotope abundances are introduced together with isotope effects and isotopic fractionation. A detailed account of the required technical equipment and general procedures for CSIA is provided. This includes sections on derivatization and the use of microextraction techniques in GC-IRMS. The very important topic of referencing and calibration in CSIA is clearly described. This differs from approaches used in quantitative analysis and is often difficult for the newcomer to comprehend. Examples of successful applications of CSIA in food authenticity, forensics, archaeology, doping control, environmental science, and extraterrestrial materials are included. Applications in isotope data treatment and presentation are also discussed and emphasis is placed on the general conclusions that can be drawn from the uses of CSIA. Further instrumental developments in the field are highlighted and selected experiments are introduced that may act as a basis for a short practical course at graduate level.

The book deals with the problem of the interaction and interconditionality of the various processes occurring in both the Earth’s crust and the biosphere. It proposes a model of the global carbon cycle explaining the nature and mechanism of these interactions, showing that the key element of this interaction is the photosynthesis controlled by periodic carbon dioxide injections caused by collision zones of lithospheric plates. Changes in the environment due to the evolution of photosynthesis cause alterations in the carbon cycle, and lead to a stationary state when new features of the cycle are manifested. The main instruments of the analysis here are the isotopic technique and physico-chemical modeling, conducted on the basis of the principle of actualism. The model provides explanations of periodic mass extinctions of organisms, the “explosions of life”, the uneven distribution of organic matter in the sedimentary strata, stratigraphic oil distribution, and various other events in the biosphere in the course of geological history. The book will appeal to geologists, geochemists, climatologists, ecologists, biologists, and specialists in global change.