"A broad panorama in brilliant prose." --American Historical Review In this groundbreaking work of labor history, Irving Bernstein uncovers a period when industrial trade unionism, working-class power, and socialism became the rallying cry for millions of workers in the fields, mills, mines, and factories of America. With an introduction by Frances Fox Piven.

In the Introduction, I briefly examined the war between born again Poland in 1918 after over 120 years of foreign oppression and the Bolshevik/Communist Russia in 1920. This was the first Bolshevik/Communist Russian Expansionist War. The Bolsheviks/Communists under the leadership of Lenin started this war, hoping for quick victory over a very weak Poland, just starting the unifying process after long oppression. Poland was partitioned by Germany, Russia, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire by the end of the eighteenth century. The goal of Lenin and his horde of Communist disciples, as well as of the Communist international banditry, was to conquer Poland. In addition, very soon afterward, they pushed into Germany, who was defeated in WWI and struggling economically with no army and very poor people. German Communists were trying to fully exploit this situation and start a revolution immediately after Poland was defeated and opened the door to Western Europe for Communist conquest. Unfortunately for Lenin, the mass murderer and his Communist Red Army hordes, it was no victory. They were defeated at Warsaw, and they retreated rapidly northeast and a few months later, they signed the Peace Treaty in Riga, Latvia. Poland saved the Western civilization and Christianity in 1920 and stopped the spread of Communism to Western Europe. In the next part, WWII, I described the start of the war by the Germans invading Poland from the west, north, and south. In addition, sixteen days later, the Communist Soviet Union invaded from the east according to the pact between Hitler and Stalin, made in August of 1939. The Germans were taking western Poland. The Communist Soviet Union was taking Eastern Poland as two bandits, Hitler and Stalin, divided the loot and started plundering Poland. Germany and the Communist Soviet Union were equal aggressors, and they were equally responsible for starting WWII. Our family lived in western Poland, which was occupied by Germans. It was a brutal occupation. The Germans started building the concentration camps, like Auschwitz and others; however, for the first two years of occupation, all the prisoners were Polish Christians. From about the middle of 1942 to Auschwitz, Polish Jews started coming, and shortly after, Jews from other European countries occupied by Germans also arrived. The Germans committed horrendous crimes against the Polish Christians and Polish Jews under their occupation. The daily life in western Poland became very difficult and dangerous. The underground resistance army, called Home Army, was growing fast. The goal of the Home Army was to fight German occupants in many different forms. In eastern Poland, occupied by the Communist Soviet Union, the lives of the Polish people were dramatically becoming worse. They were methodically exterminated by Communist Soviets, the worst barbaric savages. The Communist Soviets were also sending Polish people by thousands daily to Siberian gulags, to slave labor. The Germans committed holocaust against Jewish people during WWII as well as holocausts against Polish people. The Communist Soviet Union, by order of Joseph Stalin and his Politburo, committed holocausts against Polish people in eastern Poland. During WWII, Poland had the highest loss of population by percentage of total population, about 25 percent, the highest percentage of any nation in the world. When WWII ended in 1945, Poland was devastated beyond imagination, and the worst part was that the German occupation was exchanged for Communist Soviet Union occupation, which would last for a very long forty-five years. The years 1945–1968, covers the period of establishing Communist control over Poland beginning in 1945 until 1948 by Communists sent to Poland from Moscow. This was a very difficult time, when the Communist Soviets’ NKVD/KGB and the Polish Communist gover

Just one short mile but a world away from affluent, neighboring Boston, Chelsea's historically Irish and eastern European Jewish populations had always made the city unique. A more recent wave of immigration from Puerto Rico and Central America brought about more diversity during a period of economic decline. Ethnically charged political competition and unprecedented levels of corruption eventually brought the small city to the brink of collapse. This gripping narrative focuses on Chelsea's most turbulent years, from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. Join photographer Arnie Jarmak and writer Joshua Resnek as they unveil the hardscrabble city they encountered and lived in during their early careers.

Margaret Thatcher is one of the most significant political figures of the twentieth century—a Prime Minister whose impact on modern English history is comparable only to Winston Churchill's. Like them or not, her radical policies made Britain the country it is today. And like her or not, Margaret Thatcher's legacy remains a massive political force, responsible for laying the groundwork for New Labour, Tony Blair, and David Cameron, and for England's strong political allegiance to the United States throughout the Cold War. Now Robin Harris, for many years Mrs. Thatcher's speechwriter, close adviser, and the draftsman of both volumes of her autobiography, has written the definitive book about this indomitable English woman. In this international bestseller, he tells the compelling story of her life, from humble beginnings above her father's grocery store in Grantham, her early days as one of the first women in Westminster (she became known as "Thatcher Milk Snatcher" during her time in the Ministry of Education), and then on to her groundbreaking career as Prime Minister (by which time her reputation already demanded a more powerful epithet: "Iron Lady"). We follow Thatcher through hard-fought political battles and experience with her the tribulations of the English miners' strike and the Falklands War, of her sometimes troubled friendship with Ronald Reagan, and their shared staunch opposition to Communism. We learn of the political intrigue behind the scenes at Ten Downing Street. And how during one of the darkest hours of her premiership she refused to alter course and, adapting the words of an English play, declared to her enemies, inside and outside the Government, "You turn if you want to. The Lady's Not for Turning," summing up for admirers and detractors alike the defiance and consistency of Mrs. Thatcher's approach. Throughout Not for Turning we sense the passionate intellect which fuelled her ambitions, drove her into and out of one of the highest offices in the English-speaking world, and has established a unique political legacy that continues even after her death... Not for Turning is an unforgettable portrait of Britain's first female Prime Minister, written by one of her most trusted advisers, and a fitting tribute to an extraordinary politician and leader.

This volume assesses the challenges facing Ghana's economy as it enters its seventh decade and the nation heads towards three quarters of a century of independence.

Narratives of Vulnerability in Museums is a study of the challenges museums face when they present narratives of instability, uncertainty, and fear in their exhibitions. As a period of sustained societal and personal vulnerability, the Great Depression remains a watershed era in American history. It is an era when iconic visual culture of deprivation mixes in the popular imagination with groundbreaking government policy and has immense potential for museums, but this is accompanied by significant challenges. Analysing a range of case studies, the book explores both the successes and obstacles involved in translating historical narratives of vulnerability to the exhibition floor. Incorporating an innovative, trans-genre museological model, the book draws connections between exhibitions of history, art, and technology, as well as heritage sites, focused on a single era. Employing interpretations of housing, preserved and reconstructed, to discuss ideas of belonging and community, the book also examines the power of the iconic national story and the struggle for local relevance through discussions on strikes and industrial action. Finally, it examines the use of fine art in history exhibitions to access the emotional aspects of historical experience. The result is a volume that considers both how societies talk about less celebratory aspects of history, but also the expectations placed on museums as interpreters of the public narrative and agents of change. Narratives of Vulnerability in Museums makes a significant contribution to discourses of museum and heritage studies, of interwar history, of the social role of cultural institutions, and to vulnerability and resilience studies. As such, it should be essential reading for scholars and students working in these disciplines, as well as architecture, cultural studies, and human geography.

A conservative Christian author addresses concerns about the direction of America and the American government, with historical examples for perspective.

By any measure, the story of the Scottish National Party is an extraordinary one. Forced to endure decades of electoral irrelevance since its creation in the 1930s, during which it often found itself grappling with internal debate on strategy, and rebellion from within its own ranks, the SNP virtually swept the board in the 2015 general election, winning all but three of Scotland's fifty-nine seats in Westminster. What's more, under the current leadership of Nicola Sturgeon, the SNP has never been a more important force in the landscape of British politics. The leaders who have stood at its helm during this tumultuous eighty-year history - from Sir Alexander MacEwen to Nicola Sturgeon and Alex Salmond - have steered the SNP vessel with varying degrees of success, but there is no doubt that all have contributed to the shape, purpose and ultimate goal of the party of government we see today. The latest addition to the acclaimed British Political Leaders series, Scottish National Party Leaders examines each of these senior figures for the first time, and is essential reading for anyone curious about how this former fringe party evolved into a political phenomenon, changing not only the face of Scottish politics, but British politics as well.

Why did the United States lag behind Germany, Britain, and Sweden in adopting a national plan for the elderly? When the Social Security Act was finally enacted in 1935, why did it depend on a class-based double standard? Why is old age welfare in the United States still less comprehensive than its European counterparts? In this sophisticated analytical chronicle of one hundred years of American welfare history, Jill Quadagno explores the curious birth of old age assistance in the United States. Grounded in historical research and informed by social science theory, the study reveals how public assistance grew from colonial-era poor laws, locally financed and administered, into a massive federal bureaucracy.