Contract is not only a spirit and a concept, but also a system and a method. As a spirit and a concept, it is very inclusive; as a system and a method, it is very practical. Contract is a theory with a long history and fruitful practice. The reform of administrative law starts with the contract. The author is honored to be one of the first scholars in mainland China to introduce the concept and basic system of civil contracts into administrative law. Although mainland China has not yet established the legality of administrative contracts through the legislative method of administrative procedure law, the research and promotion of a group of scholars in mainland China, including the author, mainland China revised the Administrative Litigation Law at the 11th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress in 2014, and for the first time included administrative agreement disputes in the scope of administrative litigation. The Supreme People's Court Trial Committee also passed the judicial interpretation of the "Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Agreement Cases" at the 1,781st meeting on November 12, 2019, which came into effect on January 1, 2020. The great progress of administrative contracts in administrative justice is inseparable from the efforts of the first batch of administrative contract pioneers in mainland China, including the author! It is also a great affirmation and praise, for which the author is deeply gratified!

The Public Administration Theory Primer explores how the science and art of public administration is definable, describable, replicable, and cumulative. The authors survey a broad range of theories and analytical approaches—from public institutional theory to theories of governance—and consider which are the most promising, influential, and important for the field. This book paints a full picture of how these theories contribute to, and explain, what we know about public administration today. The third edition is fully revised and updated to reflect the latest developments and research in the field including more coverage of governments and governance, feminist theory, emotional labor theory, and grounded research methodology. Expanded chapter conclusions and a brand-new online supplement with sample comprehensive exam questions and summary tables make this an even more valuable resource for all public administration students.

The scope and theory of American public administration have expanded outward over time through the process of interdisciplinary discourse. Interdisciplinary approaches are rooted in ancient times, but it is in modern applications that the process has become most noticeable as a substantive influence in how academic disciplines and professional practices evolve. The process of interdisciplinary discourse occurs first by decoding and interpreting basic language and concepts, and then progresses to an operationalization of ideas, consensus-building, synthesis and integration, and eventually the systematization of knowledge. It is from the systematization of knowledge that a discipline’s foundations are forged and evolve. Government is as old as society, but American public administration emerged as a structured field largely toward the late nineteenth-century, developing over the course of 125 years through the exchange of interdisciplinary ideas. The current literature on interdisciplinary approaches focuses almost exclusively upon basic teaching and research applications. This book extends the topic significantly by developing a formal process by which basic, intermediate, and advanced levels of communication are analyzed and understood. The value of this approach rests in being able to explore public administration history and contemporary times through the assorted contexts and ideas which affected the lower order core constructs (concepts, values, and principles) and higher order associational constructs (methodologies, theories, and foundations) that have been forged. As the field’s scope and theory expanded over time through the exchange of interdisciplinary content, lower levels of consensus from within caused segments of academicians to argue that an intellectual crisis had occurred, reflecting the lack of a unifying theory or paradigm. Debate over what role traditional modes of inquiry and thought would have in a contemporary era of scientific techniques naturally propelled the field into a normative-science debate. This, along with the rise of competing theories, advancements in technology, and an emphasis on establishing public administration as a relevant field with professional stature, led to two subsequent recastings during which the field has modernized and updated itself gradually over the course of several years. A third recasting may be on the horizon, carrying forward the many shaping influences of interdisciplinary discourse.

This book provides an ideal introduction to the fundamentals of international investment law and dispute settlement for students, scholars, and practitioners. It combines a systematic analytical study of the texts and principles underlying investment law with a jurisprudential analysis of the case law arising in international tribunals.

This scholarly work is the first comprehensive attempt to present the essence and methodology of public administration. It aims to provide a concise account of the process of development of the theory of public administration, its history in the Western world, and ideological tendencies. The book elucidates Armenian administrative thought and the peculiarities of its development in the period from the 5th to the 20th centuries. It conducts a comparative analysis of the theory and practice of public administration in the Western world with the developments of Armenian civic, political, and administrative thought, which provides the opportunity of expanding the boundaries of Armenian studies and advance the science of public administration. In addition, the book has a specific mandate of presenting the national and cultural peculiarities and the achievements of the theory and history of public administration in Armenia. The book is especially designed for scholars and general audience interested in the theory and history of public administration.

French law displays many characteristics that set it apart in a world class of its own. It can be said to proceed from a number of independent streams that coexist despite apparent contradiction. More than half of the 2283 articles of the famous Code Civile of 1804 remain unaltered; yet French administrative judges jealously guard their prerogative to create their own public law. And yet again, since the 1974 law empowering the legislature to convene the Constitutional Council that judges the constitutionality of laws under the 1958 Constitution, the courts' distinction between 'rules' and 'fu.

As the title suggests, A Revolution in the International Rule of Law: Essays in Honor of Don Wallace, Jr. is a European style Festschrift or Liber Amicorum, and compiles short essays by eminent scholars and practitioners who have known Prof. Wallace during his long and distinguished career as a Professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center and, among others, as the Chairman of the International Law Institute, the U.S. Delegate to UNCITRAL, the Legal Adviser to the USAID, President of the ABA Section on International Law, presiding officer of the UNIDROIT Foundation, and Of Counsel to a number of prominent international law firms including Winston & Strawn LLP, Morgan Lewis LLP, Arnold & Porter LLP, and Shearman & Sterling LLP. The primary topics covered in the book are: Foreign Investment and Political RiskInternational Investment Law and ArbitrationUnification of Private LawCommercial Law ReformPublic ProcurementRule of Law and Transitional JusticeInternational Business Law and Human RightsLegal Aspects of the United States' Foreign Affairs: Public International Law, Separation of Powers and Terrorism. Professor Wallace's friends, including the co-editors, have submitted 45 essays including a biographical piece prepared by the editors to this volume.

Striving to redirect the study of public administration toward innovation and imagination, deliberative democracy, knowledge transfer, policy making, and ethics and values--topics which for too long have been overshadowed by traditional problems of efficency, productivity, and instrumental-rational solutions--this book of diverse essays is certain to invigorate both scholarship and practice. Eighteen leading international scholars evaluate public administration's historical development and explore the significance and value trends in public administration from a variety of cutting-edge theoretical and practical perspectives. Aimed at students and practitioners alike, this collection of essays is certain to stimulate critical thinking and discussion of public administration's aims, mechanisms, and overall effectiveness, as well as the role it plays in democratizing countries.

It is an unfortunate but unavoidable feature of even well-ordered democratic societies that governmental administrative agencies often create legitimate expectations (procedural or substantive) on the part of non-governmental agents (individual citizens, groups, businesses, organizations, institutions, and instrumentalities) but find themselves unable to fulfil those expectations for reasons of justice, the public interest, severe financial constraints, and sometimes harsh political realities. How governmental administrative agencies, operating on behalf of society, handle the creation and frustration of legitimate expectations implicates a whole host of values that we have reason to care about, including under non-ideal conditions-not least justice, fairness, autonomy, the rule of law, responsible uses of power, credible commitments, reliance interests, security of expectations, stability, democracy, parliamentary supremacy, and legitimate authority. This book develops a new theory of legitimate expectations for public administration drawing on normative arguments from political and legal theory. Brown begins by offering a new account of the legitimacy of legitimate expectations. He argues that it is the very responsibility of governmental administrative agencies for creating expectations that ought to ground legitimacy, as opposed to the justice or the legitimate authority of those agencies and expectations. He also clarifies some of the main ways in which agencies can be responsible for creating expectations. Moreover, he argues that governmental administrative agencies should be held liable for losses they directly cause by creating and then frustrating legitimate expectations on the part of non-governmental agents and, if liable, have an obligation to make adequate compensation payments in respect of those losses.

This work includes a brief history of skyscrapers as well as chapters on elevators and communications, facades and facing, mechanical and electrical systems, forces of nature, and much more.