This Book Traces The History Of The Tobacco Plant And The Various Ways In Which It Is Used. It Takes A Close Look At The Practices Of Smoking And Chewing Tobacco Leaves And The Harm It Can Cause And How It Contributes Significantly To The Prevalence Of Oral Cancer. The Book Is Particularly Relevant To India.

A working group of sixteen experts from seven countries re-evaluated the evidence of the carcinogenicity of betel-quid and areca-nut chewing and some areca-nut related nitrosamines. Betel-quid and areca-nut chewing are widely practised in many parts of Asia and in Asian-migrant communities elsewhere in the world. There are hundreds of millions of users worldwide. They evaluated betel quid with tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence of an increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus. The working group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer, mainly studies from India, Pakistan and Taiwan (China). Studies on betel quid with tobacco and areca nut with tobacco in experimental animals now also provide sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. The working group also evaluated betel quid without tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), on the basis of sufficient evidence of an increased risk of oral cancer. Studies on betel quid without tobacco and areca nut without tobacco in experimental animals now also provide sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. Areca nut, a common ingredient of betel quid and many different chewing preparations, including those available commercially, has been observed to cause oral submucous fibrosis

"Copyright: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank"--T.p. verso.

This book comprehensively covers the science and policy issues relevant to one of the major public health disasters of modern times. It pulls together the aetiology and burden of the myriad of tobacco related diseases with the successes and failures of tobacco control policies. The book looks at lessons learnt to help set health policy for reducing the burden of tobacco related diseases. The book also deals with the international public health policy issues which bear on control of the problem of tobacco use and which vary between continents. The editors are an international group distinguished in the field of tobacco related diseases, epidemiology, and tobacco control. The contributors are world experts drawn from the various clinical fields. This major reference text gives a unique overview of one of the major public health problems in both the developed and developing world. The book is directed at an international public health and epidemiology audience includng health economists and those interested in tobacco control.

Research in the past five years suggests a bleak picture of the health dangers of smoking, with tobacco the biggest single killer of all forms of pollution. It is estimated that one person dies every ten seconds due to smoking-related diseases. This publication considers the history and current position regarding tobacco use, as well as providing some predictions for the future of the tobacco epidemic upto the year 2050. It contains a number of full-colour world maps and graphics to illustrate the variations between countries and regions. Issues discussed include: tobacco prevalence and consumption; youth smoking; the economics of tobacco farming and manufacturing; smuggling; the tobacco industry, promotion, profits and trade; smokers' rights; legislative action such as smoke-free areas, tobacco advertising bans and health warnings.

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. This authoritative international text unites the experience of specialists from both sides of the Atlantic and comprehensively addresses all aspects of the biology, etiology and pathology or oral cancer as well as clinical assessment, surgery, adjuvant therapies and post-treatment rehabilitation of the oral cancer patient. With over 550 illustrations, the majority of which are in full color, this book is a valuable and essential resource for any specialist working in the field of oral cancer.

Tobacco use is widely recognized as the most important preventable cause of death and disease in the world today. In most countries its use is synonymous with cigarette smoking, but in some tobacco is more frequently used in other forms.The health consequences of cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco use encompass a wide spectrum of diseases including cancers of the mouth, larynx, lung, pharynx and oesophagus; diseases of the heart, circulatory system and lungs; and if used during pregnancy, adverse effects on the foetus.Even second hand passive smoking is shown to cause and influence the risks of diseases.Tobacco control in any country, however, is not simply a health problem. It has major implications for economics, agriculture, law and individual and social behaviour. Therefore, tobacco control must involve a multidimensional, multidisciplinary approach.In this volume, the issue of tobacco control is addressed from many points of view by leading international experts in clinical medicine, public health, biostatistics and behavioural sciences, agriculture, law and policy analysis. The articles provide an in depth overview of the various topicscentral to the theme of tobacco control. This constitutes a valuable resource work on a subject of increasing concern, containing state-of-the-art reviews, original research papers, and thought provoking articles.

This eighty-ninth volume of the IARC Monographs is the third and last of a series on tobacco-related agents. Volume 83 reported on the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking (second-hand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke) (IARC 2004a). Volume 85 summarized the evidence on the carcinogenic risk of chewing betel quid with and without tobacco (IARC 2004b). That volume explored the variety of products chewed in South Asia and other parts of the word that contain areca nut in combination with other ingredients, often including tobacco. In this eighty-ninth volume, the carcinogenic risks associated with the use of smokeless tobacco, including chewing tobacco and snuff, are considered in a first monograph. The second monograph reviews some tobacco-specific nitrosamines. These agents were evaluated earlier in Volume 37 of the Monographs (IARC 1985) and information gathered since that time has been summarized and evaluated.