Quantities of all forms of energy consumed for collection and treatment of municipal wastewater are estimated. Heat energy is equated to electrical energy by a conversion factor of 10,500 Btu/kwh. Total energy consumption, expressed as kwh/mg of wastewater treated, ranges from 2300-3700 kwh/mg. Energy used for construction of the treatment plant and the sewerage system represents 35-55% of the total energy consumed. The remainder used for plant operation is predominately (65-75%) electrical energy. The use of high efficiency aeration devices combined with good maintenance practices appears to offer the best opportunity for conservation of energy within the plant. Recovery of energy from the sludge produced at the plant can be accomplished by anaerobically digesting the sludge and using the digester gas as fuel for internal combustion engines. In large plants, when the sludge is sufficiently dewatered, it is also possible to recover energy by incinerating the dewatered sludge with production of steam in a waste heat boiler. The steam can then be used within the plant or expanded through a steam turbine to produce mechanical or electrical energy.

Special Offer: Cao Ye Shi Author Set - Buy all three books together and save a total £76! Mass Flow and Energy Efficiency of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants presents the results of a series of studies that examined the mass flow and balance, and energy efficiency, of municipal wastewater treatment plants; it offers a vision of the future for municipal wastewater treatment plants. These studies were undertaken as part of the R & D program of the Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore. The book covers the latest practical and academic developments and provides: a detailed picture of the mass flow and transfer of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), solids, nitrogen and phosphorus and energy efficiency in a large municipal wastewater treatment plants in Singapore. The results are compared with the Strass wastewater treatment plant, Austria, which reaches energy self-sufficiency, and the approaches for improvement are proposed. a description of the biological conversions and mass flow and energy recovery in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor - activated sludge process (UASB-ASP) - and compares this to the conventional activated sludge process. a comprehensive and critical review of the current state of the art of energy efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment plants including benchmarks, best available technologies and practices in energy saving and recovery, institution policies, and road maps to high energy recovery and high efficiency plants. a vision of future wastewater treatment plants including the major challenges of the paradigm shift from waste removal to resource recovery, technologies and processes to be studied, integrated sanitation system and management and policies. Mass Flow and Energy Efficiency of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants is a valuable reference on energy and sustainable management of municipal wastewater treatment plants, and will be especially useful for process and design researchers in wastewater research institutions, engineers, consultants and managers in water companies and water utilities, as well as students and academic staff in civil/sanitation/environment departments in universities.

This thesis focuses on the energy, chemical and carbon implications of diverse wastewater treatment alternatives, and offers effective solutions for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to achieve sustainability goals. The author first uses the life cycle philosophy to explore the environmental performance of several representative wastewater treatment systems, and then proposes a refined assessment framework, accompanying analytical toolkit and case study for further quantifying the environmental sustainability of various wastewater management scenarios. Allowing readers to gain a better understanding of the existing wastewater treatment technologies from a sustainability perspective, this book helps decision makers identify promising approaches to the environmentally friendly operation of WWTPs and make infrastructure investments that are appropriate for future changing conditions.

Exactly ten years ago an experiment was started that proved to be extremely successful: the First Gothenburg Symposium. Its intent was to further the under standing of all processes pertaining to Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, and to bring together specialists working in basic research as well as in devel opment and administration. Now, the Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium are about to be published, clearly proving that there is a need for this forum. They dramatically illustrate the significance and the dynamic development of the topics of these symposia. It is fascinating to witness that in this time of reduced economic growth or even standstill, the environmental drive has not come to a halt, as many anticipated or feared. It is accepted more and more that the protection of the environment, a constant theme in all the Gothenburg Symposia, is not only a topic to be dealt with in times of affluence; it is now also seen as an instrument for cutting ex penditure, saving energy, and husbanding resources. The ever growing interest in these Gothenburg Symposia, documented by the large number of contributions the scientific panel received and the large demand for the books of this series that always exceeds the supply, testify to this commitment.