When issued by the European Comm., this Green Paper was intended to launch an active discussion amongst all interested bodies. Includes an extensive review of technological & market developments, an analysis of the European environment for future development, a review of worldwide developments, & an analysis of the extension of the principles of European Union telecomm. policy to the mobile sector. Glossary. Charts & tables.

It has become glaringly clear that any communicative act online is subject to breach by intelligence agencies, cybercriminals, advertising networks, employers, and corporate data miners, to mention the most obvious intruders. Internet users, seeing no other choice than to hop onto the web-based bandwagon, have come to depend on a networked communications environment that is fundamentally insecure. Now lawmakers worldwide are gearing up to intervene. Arguing for a stricter stance on protecting private communications security, this groundbreaking study offers a conceptual and legislative toolkit leading to a step-by-step regulatory model in EU law. The proposed model is tested in two detailed case studies on HTTPS and cloud communications. From the interlocking perspectives of fundamental rights, systems design, and political organization, the regulatory model proposed is tested on HTTPS, which covers the user-provider relationship in web browsing, and on "cloud" communications that affect interdomain and intradomain communications. The case studies are based on the infamous DigiNotar breach and the MUSCULAR programme disclosed by whistle-blower Edward Snowden and contain original legal, security economics, and computer science research, conducted jointly with scholars trained in these disciplines. Responding to a general positive human right to communications security that is emerging from European fundamental rights law, this book not only provides one of the first interdisciplinary studies to appear in the academic literature on EU communications security law, but also offers broad recommendations to the EU lawmaker and gives directions for future research. It is sure to become a first point of discussion, reference, and legislative action for policymakers and practitioners in Europe and beyond.

This book takes a long-term view of environmental policy in Poland, which thus serves as an example to increase our understanding of environmental policy making in general in the former Eastern bloc countries. The perspective adopted also includes the pre-transition period, since the transformation process cannot be understood without reference to the preceding period. The book investigates the driving forces underlying policy changes, both prior to and after the transition, and identifies elements both of change and continuity - topics that have hitherto been neglected in the literature. A change of political system in Poland did not lead to a major change in the thrust of environmental policy: the policy makers adopted a cautious approach to new instruments and institutions during the transition period. What did change with the transition was the implementation aspect: the effectiveness of environmental policy increased dramatically after the abolition of socialism. The rule of law meant that the state administration and the polluters were subordinated to the legal system, thus increasing the power to environmental policy. Readership: Researchers and students interested in the environment and the countries in transition.

Consisting of selected technical contributions to the European Project COST252, this volume provides many innovative results which can be the basis for new global telecommunications systems providing multimedia services at high rates. It also presents new perspectives on communications problems in various areas.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the IFIP-TC6 Eighth - ternational Conference on Personal Wireless Communications, PWC 2003. PWC 2003 is the ?agship conference of the IFIP Working Group 6.8, Mobile and Wireless Communications, and is the premier international forum for discussions between researchers, practitioners, and students interested in the symbiosis of mobile computing and wireless networks. It is a great pleasure to present the PWC 2003 technical program. This year the conference received 115 submissions from 27 countries indicating that PWC is a reference conference for worldwide researchers from the wireless and mobile community. With so many papers to choose from, the Technical Program Committee’s job, to provide a conference program of the highest technical quality, was challenging and time consuming. From the 115 submissions, we ?nally selected 34 full papers and 15 short papers for presentation in the conference technical sessions. The conference technical program was split into three days, and included, in addition to the 49 refereed contributions, 4 invited papers from top-level researchers from the mobile and wireless community. To give researchers the opportunity to present ongoing work, and the novel ideas they are starting to explore, we included in the technical program two work-in-progress sessions and two novel-ideas sessions. The technical program also included a poster session devoted to presenting ongoing research projects on wireless and mobile communications.

Wireless personal communications, or wireless as it is now being called, has arrived. The hype is starting to fade, and the hard work of deploying new systems and services for personal communications is underway. In the United States, the FCC propelled the wireless era from infancy to mainstream with a $7.7 billion auction of 60 MHz of radio spectrum in the 180011900 MHz band. With the largest single sale of public property in the history of mankind mostly complete, the resources of the entire world are being called upon to develop inexpensive, rapidly deployable wireless systems and sub scriber units for an industry that is adding s\lbscribers at greater than 50% annual rate. This growth is commonplace for wireless service companies throughout the world, and in the U.S., where as many as 7 licensed wireless service providers may be competing for cellularlPCS customers within the next couple of years, differentiators in cost, qual ity, service, and coverage will become critical to customer acceptance and use. Many of these issues are discussed in the papers included in this book.

Using numerous practical examples,this book examines the evolution of EC telecommunications law following the achievement of liberalisation, the main policy goal of the 1990s. After reviewing the development of regulation in the run-up to liberalisation, the author identifies the methods used to direct the liberalisation process and tests their validity in the post-liberalisation context. A critical analysis is made of the claim that competition law will offer sufficient means to regulate the sector in the future. Particular emphasis is given to the way in which EC Competition Law changed in the 1990s using the essential facilities doctrine, an expansive non-discrimination principle and the policing of cross-subsidisation to tackle what were then thought of as regulatory matters. Also examined within the work is the procedural and institutional interplay between competition law and telecommunications regulation. In conclusion, Larouche explores the limits of competition law and puts forward a long-term case for sector-specific regulation, with a precise mandate to ensure that the telecommunications sector as a whole fulfils its role as a foundation for economic and social activity.