Being a complex disease that affects millions of people world over, cancer research has assumed great significance. Translational cancer research transforms scientific discoveries in the laboratory into clinical application to reduce incidence of cancer, morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, personalized medicine in cancer is the concept that selection of a treatment should be tailored according to the individual patient’s specific genomic characteristics, including mutations, chromosomal aberrations, protein interactions, and SNPs, and even more, taking into account the inmume system, the metabolism and maybe in the next future also the microbiome.

This open access book reflects on matters of social and ethical concern raised in the daily practices of those working in and around precision oncology. Each chapter addresses the experiences, concerns and issues at stake for people who work in settings where precision oncology is practiced, enacted, imagined or discussed. It subsequently discusses and analyses bioethical dilemmas, scientific challenges and economic trade-offs, the need for new policies, further technological innovation, social work, as well as phenomenological research. This volume takes a broad actor-centred perspective as, whenever cancer is present, the range of actors with issues at stake appears almost unlimited. This perspective and approach opens up the possibility for further in-depth and diverse questions, posed by the actors themselves, such as: How are cancer researchers navigating biological uncertainties? How do clinicians and policy-makers address ethical dilemmas around prioritisation of care? What are the patients’ experiences with, and hopes for, precision oncology? How do policy-makers and entrepreneurs envisage precision oncology? These questions are of great interest to a broad audience, including cancer researchers, oncologists, policy-makers, medical ethicists and philosophers, social scientists, patients and health economists.

This book provides state-of-art statistical methodologies, practical considerations from regulators and sponsors, logistics, and real use cases for practitioners for the uptake of RWE/D. Randomized clinical trials have been the gold standard for the evaluation of efficacy and safety of medical products. However, the cost, duration, practicality, and limited generalizability have incentivized many to look for alternative ways to optimize drug development. This book provides a comprehensive list of topics together to include all aspects with the uptake of RWE/D, including, but not limited to, applications in regulatory and non-regulatory settings, causal inference methodologies, organization and infrastructure considerations, logistic challenges, and practical use cases.

This detailed collection explores recent advances in molecular imaging techniques involving bioluminescence, currently employed in biolaboratories around the world. Volume 2 delves into techniques for heterogeneous conjugates, protein fragment-complementation assays, BRET-based imaging, as well as instrumentation and software. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive, Bioluminescence: Methods and Protocols, Fourth Edition, Volume 2 presents practical guidance for researchers and technical staff on how to proceed with bioluminescence studies in their laboratories.

Epidemiology of Endocrine Tumors brings current data and clinical research into one source for a multidisciplinary audience. The book discusses the prevalence, incidence, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of various endocrine tumors. With clear and focused writing, it is essential reading for healthcare professionals, endocrinologists, oncologists, and public health professionals. Users will be able to bridge the knowledge gap that exists in the comprehensive coverage surrounding the epidemiology of endocrine tumors. Globally, the prevalence and incidence of endocrine tumors is high. This audience needs a treatise where they can gain a broad overview of endocrine tumors with a focus on epidemiology. - Supplies information about the epidemiology of various endocrine tumors, both benign and malignant, to endocrinologists, oncologists and related health care professionals - Focuses on the impact upon costs and patient deaths due to complications of these tumors - Describes how endocrine tumors affect various age groups and ethnicities, discussing the prevention of endocrine tumors - Presents chapters on Cancer Problem, Specific Endocrine Tumors, Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, and Treatment of Endocrine Tumors - Provides review questions with an answer key and detailed glossary

This book focuses on an eminent technology called next generation sequencing (NGS) which has entirely changed the procedure of examining organisms and will have a great impact on biomedical research and disease diagnosis. Numerous computational challenges have been brought on by the rapid advancement of large-scale next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and their application. The term ""biomedical imaging"" refers to the use of a variety of imaging techniques (such as X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasounds, etc.) to get images of the interior organs of a human being for potential diagnostic, treatment planning, follow-up, and surgical purposes. In these circumstances, deep learning, a new learning method that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks (ANNs) for unsupervised, supervised, and semi-supervised learning, has attracted a lot of interest for applications to NGS and imaging, even when both of these data are used for the same group of patients. The three main research phenomena in biomedical research are disease classification, feature dimension reduction, and heterogeneity. AI approaches are used by clinical researchers to efficiently analyse extremely complicated biomedical datasets (e.g., multi-omic datasets. With the use of NGS data and biomedical imaging of various human organs, researchers may predict diseases using a variety of deep learning models. Unparalleled prospects to improve the work of radiologists, clinicians, and biomedical researchers, speed up disease detection and diagnosis, reduce treatment costs, and improve public health are presented by using deep learning models in disease prediction using NGS and biomedical imaging. This book influences a variety of critical disease data and medical images.

This book examines the role of human microbiome in human health and diseases. The initial chapters present tools for genetic manipulation of gut microbiota and the therapeutic applications of engineered microbiota. They discuss the interaction between human microbiota and host in defining the prominent role of microbes in the development and progression of major human diseases. The book also summarizes the current applications and trends for the development, production and analytical characterization of recombinant therapeutic proteins in microbial systems. It also reviews the role of microbes in the production of vaccines and antibiotics. Further, the book presents bacterial products, including proteins, enzymes, immunotoxins and secondary metabolites, that target cancer cells and cause tumour regression. The chapters also discuss the critical role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and in bowel-related diseases. Towards the end, the book explores the role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic health and the pathogenesis of common metabolic disorders. It presents state-of-the-art insights into important aspects of United Nations—Sustainable Developmental Goal 3.

Phytonutrients and Neurological Disorders: Therapeutic and Toxicological Aspects provides and assesses the latest research and developments surrounding the use of phytonutrients for the treatment of neurological disorders. The volume analyzes advances in phytonutrient isolation, characterization and therapeutic applications, giving particular emphasis to mechanisms and safety profiles. The book takes toxicological considerations into account, including adverse drug reactions, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Sections cover bioactive compound classes and biosynthesis pathways, general considerations, including quality control, standardization, and technology, and toxicology. This title is a comprehensive work on the latest research in phytonutrients and neurological disorders that will be useful to researchers and medical practitioners. - Presents a comprehensive resource on phytonutrients and their relationship to neurological disorders - Analyzes the isolation, characterization and mechanisms of phytonutrients in neurology - Focuses on various signaling pathways followed by phytonutrients in neuroprotection - Gives the latest thinking on quality control parameters and specifications for phytonutrient study - Considers the toxicology of phytonutrients, including adverse drug reactions, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics

Genome Chaos: Rethinking Genetics, Evolution, and Molecular Medicine transports readers from Mendelian Genetics to 4D-genomics, building a case for genes and genomes as distinct biological entities, and positing that the genome, rather than individual genes, defines system inheritance and represents a clear unit of selection for macro-evolution. In authoring this thought-provoking text, Dr. Heng invigorates fresh discussions in genome theory and helps readers reevaluate their current understanding of human genetics, evolution, and new pathways for advancing molecular and precision medicine. - Bridges basic research and clinical application and provides a foundation for re-examining the results of large-scale omics studies and advancing molecular medicine - Gathers the most pressing questions in genomic and cytogenomic research - Offers alternative explanations to timely puzzles in the field - Contains eight evidence-based chapters that discuss 4d-genomics, genes and genomes as distinct biological entities, genome chaos and macro-cellular evolution, evolutionary cytogenetics and cancer, chromosomal coding and fuzzy inheritance, and more