Protein research is a frontier field in science. Proteins are widely distributed in plants and animals and are the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and serve as enzymes, structural elements, hormones, immunoglobulins, etc., and are involved throughout the body, and in photosynthesis. This book gathers new leading-edge research from throughout the world in this exciting and exploding field of research.

Proteins are made of strings of amino acids that form chains known as peptides. Our bodies need dietary protein to accomplish many basic functions, such as building bones, moving muscles, and repairing tissue. Dietary protein, an essential nutrient, comes from meat, dairy, and certain grains and beans. Proteins differ by the types and order of amino acids they contain. Even though there are only 20 amino acids, they create almost endless variations in chains as long as 500 links. Proteins form inside animals (including humans) and plants through processes that synthesize peptides. For humans, we cannot synthesise certain "essential protein," and so we must ingest them through food. These essential proteins are made of phenylalanine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and valine amino acids. Food from plants, like corn, have incomplete protein, which means they do not contain all the necessary amino acids. Only food from animals, such as cheese and fish, provide complete protein, and don't need to be combined with other protein sources. Examples of complete protein foods are milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, poultry, pork, or any meat. Incomplete proteins include oats, wheat, pasta, lentils, nuts, rice, soy, pears, and seeds. Eating a combination of complementary protein sources, such as grains mixed with legumes, results in a diet of essential protein. This is how vegetarians and vegans maintain health without eating meat or dairy. This book presents the latest research in this dynamic field.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 90 years The Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

First published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Vibrational Spectroscopy in Protein Research offers a thorough discussion of vibrational spectroscopy in protein research, providing researchers with clear, practical guidance on methods employed, areas of application, and modes of analysis. With chapter contributions from international leaders in the field, the book addresses basic principles of vibrational spectroscopy in protein research, instrumentation and technologies available, sampling methods, quantitative analysis, origin of group frequencies, and qualitative interpretation. In addition to discussing vibrational spectroscopy for the analysis of purified proteins, chapter authors also examine its use in studying complex protein systems, including protein aggregates, fibrous proteins, membrane proteins and protein assemblies. Emphasis throughout the book is placed on applications in human tissue, cell development, and disease analysis, with chapters dedicated to studies of molecular changes that occur during disease progression, as well as identifying changes in tissues and cells in disease studies. - Provides thorough guidance in implementing cutting-edge vibrational spectroscopic methods from international leaders in the field - Emphasizes in vivo, in situ and non-invasive analysis of proteins in biomedical and life science research more broadly - Contains chapters that address vibrational spectroscopy for the study of simple purified proteins and protein aggregates, fibrous proteins, membrane proteins and protein assemblies

Protein plays a critical role in human nutrition. Although animal-derived proteins constitute the majority of the protein we consume, plant-derived proteins can satisfy the same requirement with less environmental impact. Sustainable Protein Sources allows readers to understand how alternative proteins such as plant, fungal, algal, and insect protein can take the place of more costly and less efficient animal-based sources. Sustainable Protein Sources presents the various benefits of plant and alternative protein consumption, including those that benefit the environment, population, and consumer trends. The book presents chapter-by-chapter coverage of protein from various sources, including cereals and legumes, oilseeds, pseudocereals, fungi, algae, and insects. It assesses the nutrition, uses, functions, benefits, and challenges of each of these proteins. The book also explores opportunities to improve utilization and addresses everything from ways in which to increase consumer acceptability, to methods of improving the taste of products containing these proteins, to the ways in which policies can affect the use of plant-derived proteins. In addition, the book delves into food security and political issues which affect the type of crops that are cultivated and the sources of food proteins. The book concludes with required consumer choices such as dietary changes and future research ideas that necessitate vigorous debate for a sustainable planet. - Introduces the need to shift current animal-derived protein sources to those that are more plant-based - Presents a valuable compendium on plant and alternate protein sources covering land, water, and energy uses for each type of protein source - Discusses nutritive values of each protein source and compares each alternate protein to more complete proteins - Provides an overview of production, including processing, protein isolation, use cases, and functionality - Presents solutions to challenges, along with taste modulation - Focuses on non-animal derived proteins - Identifies paths and choices that require consumer and policymaker debate and action

The genomic revolution that has spawned microarrays and high throughput technologies has produced vast amounts of complex biological data that require integration and multidimensional analysis. Bioinformatics incorporates sub-disciplines, ranging from databases and ontologies to the modelling of complex biological systems by way of molecular evolution and protein structure prediction. This new book provides state-of-the-art research from around the world.

"Festschrift in Honour of Professor Cao Tian-qin"--T.p. verso.

A select group of 40 eminent scientists from all parts of the world met to consider the current state of chemical and biological knowledge on the ever-expanding protein universe, and to discuss emerging opportunities for the foreseeable future. Scientific approaches to discover, characterize, and regulate protein functions were discussed over a range of disciplines, including natural product chemistry, microbiology, enzymology, biochemistry, structural biology, chemical biology, and glycobiology. Some notable highlights included discovery of new enzymatic pathways, innovative carbohydrate chemistry, design of proteins containing unnatural amino acids, structural elucidation of complex supramolecular machines, and design and application of small molecule drugs, biologics and biosimilars.This fascinating compendium of scientific presentations and in-depth discussions affords a unique perspective on today's protein chemistry and biology as well as on the challenges for tomorrow.