"Early fixed wing research demonstrated that potential cost and training benefits could be derived from simulation-augmented primary flight training. Unfortunately, more recent research in this area has been the exception, not the rule. This is especially true in the case of rotary wing (helicopter) aircrew training research. The present report reviewed the research literature on military aviation transfer of training (TOT) research, and examined the current U.S. Army Initial Entry Rotary Wing (IERW) Program of Instruction. An in-depth review was also conducted on the recent IERW simulation research performed by the Army Research Institute (ARI) Rotary Wing Aviation Research Unit (RWARU). Review of the IERW TOT research showed that a combination of synthetic flight simulation and criterion-based training had the potential for saving training time and costs in the aircraft. Adaptive training aids such as the ARI RWARU Intelligent Flight Trainer, also showed promise. A research program, focusing on revising the current IERW program to optimize the use of simulation, was proposed. This program would include (a) criterion-based instructional strategies, (b) low cost simulation, and (c) investigation of different combinations of simulator vs. aircraft training events, in order to determine the optimal simulator/aircraft training mix."--DTIC.

Human Factors in Simulation and Training: Theory and Methods covers theoretical concepts on human factors principles as they apply to the fields of simulation and training in the real world. This book discusses traditional and nontraditional aspects of simulation and training. Topics covered include simulation fidelity, transfer of training, limits of simulation and training, virtual reality in the training environment, simulation-based situation awareness training, automated performance measures, performance assessment in simulation, adaptive simulation-based training, and scoring simulations with artificial intelligence This book will be a valuable resource for professionals and graduate students in the fields of ergonomics, human factors, computer engineering, aerospace engineering and occupational health and safety.

Early fixed-wing research demonstrated that potential cost and training benefits could be derived from simulation-augmented primary flight training. More recent research in this area has been the exception, not the rule. This is especially true for rotary-wing aircrew training research. Currently, the U.S. Army does not use simulation in the primary "contact" phase of initial entry rotary-wing "IERW" training. Research performed by the Army Research Institute showed that a combination of synthetic flight simulation and criterion-based training during the primary phase of IERW had the potential for saving training time and costs in the aircraft. This research was performed using a low-cost simulator based upon the UH-1 helicopter. In the 4 quasi-experiments reported, positive transfer effectiveness ratios "TERs" were observed for most flight maneuvers pretrained in the simulator; student pilots in the simulator group required fewer iterations than control participants to reach proficiency on most flight maneuvers in the UH-1 training aircraft. As the visual display and flight modeling systems were upgraded, greater TERs were observed, and differences among groups tended to become significant.