This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.

This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Guru P. Sonpavde, is devoted to Bladder Cancer. This issue is one of six selected each year by our series Consulting Editors, George P. Canellos and Edward J. Benz. Topics discussed in this important issue include: Epidemiology of bladder cancer, The molecular biology of bladder cancer and potential implications for therapy, Current therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma, Current perioperative therapy for muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma, Current therapy and emerging intravesical agents to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, Diagnosis and staging of bladder and upper tract urothelial cancer, Surgery for bladder and upper tract urothelial cancer, Bladder conserving therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer: opportunities to incorporate molecular profiling, Emerging immunotherapy for bladder cancer, Emerging targeted therapy for bladder cancer, Real world outcomes of patients with bladder cancer, Preclinical systems to develop bladder cancer therapeutics, Developing precision medicine for bladder cancer, and Future Directions in Bladder Cancer Treatment and Research.

The book provides comprehensive review of common uro-oncology cases mainly focusing on its management aspect. It includes diagnosis and clinical staging, surgical management, pathological staging, adjuvant treatment and follow up. It provides current evidence-based approaches for the management of common urological malignancies. All the chapters are written uniformly in a simple yet informative manner by experts in their respective fields. It contains well-prepared illustrations, relevant clinical images and flowcharts. The book is helpful for practicing urologists, uro-oncologists, oncologists as well as urology trainees, uro-oncology fellows in providing a holistic approach to cancer patients. It helps them to develop critical thinking and encourage discussion toward improving the overall care of the patients.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

This succinct yet comprehensive book describes current and emerging concepts in risk stratification, detection, and staging of bladder cancer. Divided into two distinct sections, the first section focuses on contemporary and novel imaging modalities in bladder cancer staging. The second section illuminates advanced optical techniques and tumor markers for bladder cancer detection. The volume also addresses such topics as novel immuno-positron emission tomography radiotracers, imaging modalities for monitoring of tumor response, and non-invasive urine biomarkers such as current and emerging molecular markers for bladder cancer screening, early diagnosis, and surveillance. Comprehensive Diagnostic Approach to Bladder Cancer: Molecular Imaging and Biomarkers is written by experts in the field and provides a valuable resource for urologists, oncologists, urologic oncologists, radiation oncologists, allied health professionals, residents, and fellows who treat and manage bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The bladder microbiota is strongly associated with different statuses of bladder cancer. The increased abundance of microbes such as Schistosoma, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Mycobacterium, Bacteroidetes, and Klebsiella is associated with the development of bladder cancer during tumorigenesis. Improved understanding of age-related alterations to the immune system and gut and urinary microbiomes could provide possible insights into bladder cancer development and progression in the elderly. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content has been shown to be associated with cancer susceptibility. Patients diagnosed with bladder cancer have significantly decreased mtDNA. Cancer prevention strategies are theoretically appealing although often difficult to implement, owing to the multifactorial pathogenesis of most cancers. This book focuses on the diagnosis and prevention of bladder cancer.

From challenges presented in everyday clinical practice to the complex cases without simple answers, Challenging Cases in Urological Surgery is an effective reference and revision aid for trainees and consultants alike. As part of the Challenging Cases series, cases are examined from a multidisciplinary approach considering all aspects of diagnostic, practical and evidence-based skills to provide a comprehensive and detailed demonstration of clinical investigation within real-world scenarios. With contributions from over 40 experienced and renowned consultants from the UK, the opinions within the 'Expert Commentary' includes an insight into real world case management and problem solving in complex cases. Using the most up-to-date evidence and clinical presentations highlighted in the UK ISCP curriculum, this book features the use of 'Clinical Tips', 'Evidence Base' and 'Future Advances' text boxes to highlight critical information in an easy-to-read format for efficient and effective learning. This book is split into 15 comprehensive sections; these include Urinary Tract Infection, Bladder Cancer, Male Infertility and Sexual Dysfunction and Emergency Urology and Trauma among other key areas in the field of Urology. Each chapter is a case-based guide which provides readers with practical yet clinically relevant advice on management of urological surgery cases. With every-day clinical observations, controversial topics and challenging cases, this book is a highly valuable resource for all those interested in urological surgery, trainees in the field and those sitting postgraduate urology examinations.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common urological diseases with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. It is currently ranked as the 10th most common malignancy worldwide. The majority of bladder cancer patients have been found to be diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and the remaining, are diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Although there have been advances in the treatment and therapies provided for bladder cancer patients, the survival rate remains low, primarily due to recurrence and metastasis of the disease following treatment. Surgical treatment is currently the most common form including radical cystectomy which is the standard form of treatment combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, the 5-year overall survival rate is 50%. Therefore, further studies are required to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of bladder cancer and identify novel biomarkers to act as a diagnostic tool for patients. There have been many studies involving the detection of biomarkers in bladder cancer in addition to monitoring disease recurrence to understand the impact and predict potential outcomes. A variety of urine biomarkers have been developed to detect bladder cancer and prognostic risk stratification including mutational DNA and the levels of RNA expression. Circulating tumor cells have also been identified as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer patients. However, there are significant challenges as bladder cancer has demonstrated high levels of cellular and molecular heterogeneity and some markers do not have sufficient sensitivity for accurate detection. Therefore, further studies are required to continue to identify new novel biomarkers for bladder cancer. The aim of this Research Topic is to discuss novel biomarkers in bladder cancer and how it impacts the disease progression and the survival rate for bladder cancer patients.

Urologists and medical oncologists have witnessed a rapid growth in systemic therapeutic options for treating genitourinary malignancies that increasingly integrates radiation therapy to primary cancers, nodal beds, and even metastatic sites. The culmination of these advances has been the creation of multidisciplinary teams that expertly provide comprehensive care to patients with urologic cancers. This book provides the framework to create such a multidisciplinary clinical team focused on the treatment of urologic malignancies with representation from urologists, medical oncologists, and additional specialists who work together to provide optimal team-based care. The book integrates advanced systemic therapeutics including immune-based and targeted therapies. Readers gain a better understanding of the benefit of multidisciplinary co-management through specific examples such as hormone sensitive metastatic prostate cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer, and immunotherapy approaches to advanced bladder and kidney cancer. The book also discusses the integration of genomic tumor characterization and personalized medicine into surgical planning, tumor biopsies, and chemo-immunotherapy selection, emphasizing the expansion of new therapeutics for urologic malignancies and the changing definitions of disease progression. Urologic Oncology: Multidisciplinary Care for Patients is a comprehensive resource for urologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, genetic counselors, fellows in urologic oncology and medical oncology, residents in urology and radiation oncology, advanced practice providers, practice managers, and pharmaceutical representatives.