This Book Analyses The Electromagnetic Nature Of Light, The Properties Of Light Waves, Such As Coherence, The Applications Of Interference To Length Metrology Of Optical Testing And The Role Of Diffraction In Image-Forming And Spectroscopic Instruments. It Also Discusses Topics Such As Interference, Diffraction And Holography On The Basis Of Scalar Theory, And The Basics Of Optical Data Processing. The Final Chapter On Metrology Deals With The Measurement Of Commonly Encountered Parameters With The Help Of Laser-Based Instruments.

Ray, wave and quantum concepts are central to diverse and seemingly incompatible models of light. Each model particularizes a specific ''manifestation'' of light, and then corresponds to adequate physical assumptions and formal approximations, whose domains of applicability are well-established. Accordingly each model comprises its own set of geometric and dynamic postulates with the pertinent mathematical means.At a basic level, the book is a complete introduction to the Wigner optics, which bridges between ray and wave optics, offering the optical phase space as the ambience and the Wigner function based technique as the mathematical machinery to accommodate between the two opposite extremes of light representation: the localized ray of geometrical optics and the unlocalized wave function of wave optics.At a parallel level, the analogies with other branches of both classical and quantum physics, like classical and quantum mechanics, quantum optics, signal theory as well as magnetic optics, are evidenced by pertinent comments and/or rigorous mathematics. So, the Lie algebra and group methods are introduced and explained through the elementary optical systems within both the ray and wave optics contexts, the former being related to the symplectic group and the latter to the metaplectic group. In a like manner, the Wigner function is introduced by following the original issue to individualize a phase space representation of quantum mechanics, which is mirrored by the issue to individualize a local frequency spectrum within the signal theory context. The basic analogy with the optics of charged particles inherently underlying the ray-optics picture in phase space is also evidenced within the wave-optics picture in the Wigner phase space.· amalgamation of a great deal of contributions having witnessed the phase space picture of optics over the past 30 years· introduces abstract concepts through concrete systems· hosts of figures and logical diagrams to favour intuition and to introduce mathematics· emphasis on the interrelations with quantum optics, signal theory and magnetic optics · feeds a feeling for genuine issues in higher mathematics and theoretical physics

In this book, we have attempted to produce a reference on high resolution focused ion beams (FIBs) that will be useful for both the user and the designer of FIB instrumentation. We have included a mix of theory and applications that seemed most useful to us. The field of FIBs has advanced rapidly since the application of the first field emission ion sources in the early 1970s. The development of the liquid metal ion source (LMIS) in the late 1960s and early 1970s and its application for FIBs in the late 1970s have resulted in a powerful tool for research and for industry. There have been hundreds of papers written on many aspects of LMIS and FIBs, and a useful and informative book on these subjects was published in 1991 by Phil Prewett and Grame Mair. Because there have been so many new applications and uses found for FIBs in the last ten years we felt that it was time for another book on the subject.

This undergraduate textbook presents thorough coverage of the standard topics of classical optics and optical instrument design; it also offers significant details regarding the concepts of modern optics. 1969 edition.

This textbook offers a complete and rigorous presentation of the fundamentals and applications of wave optics. The material of the book covers topics on wave nature of light—reflection, refraction, polarisation, diffraction, dispersion and scattering of electromagnetic waves. Interference phenomenon is discussed both by division of wavefront and by division of amplitude. Diffraction is classified as Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction. The discussion on Fraunhofer diffraction has been used to explain the theory and resolving power of optical instruments. The role of phenomena of dispersion and scattering of light has been lucidly explained in the field of communication of information, its quality and content. The last three chapters are devoted to the study of the recently developed modern topics—lasers, holography, and fibre optics—all of which have opened up immense opportunities for new applications in almost all branches of science and engineering. Though the book is intended for the undergraduate students of physics—both honours and general courses—it will also be useful to candidates aspiring to sit the competitive examinations. KEY FEATURES : Presents interactive text interspersed with in-text questions to enable students to shift focus on active learning. Uses access devices such as expected learning outcomes and practice exercises for directed teaching–learning. Includes numerous worked-out examples to illustrate the concepts and provides review questions to test the students’ understanding of the subject. Gives chapter-end summary for quick revision of the important results.

Guided Wave Optics and Photonic Devices introduces readers to a broad cross-section of topics in this area, from the basics of guided wave optics and nonlinear optics to biophotonics. The book is inspired by and expands on lectures delivered by distinguished speakers at a three-week school on guided wave optics and devices organized at the CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute in Kolkata in 2011. An Introduction to Guided Wave Optics and Photonic Devices: Principles, Applications, and Future Directions The book discusses the concept of modes in a guided medium from first principles, emphasizing the importance of dispersion properties in optical fibers. It describes fabrication and characterization techniques of rare-earth-doped optical fibers for amplifiers and lasers, with an eye to future applications. Avoiding complex mathematical formalism, it also presents the basic theory and operational principles of fiber amplifiers and lasers. The book examines techniques for writing fiber Bragg gratings, which are of particular interest for smart sensing applications. A chapter focuses on the fundamental principles of Fourier optics and its implementation in guided wave optics. In addition, the book explains the critical phenomena of soliton dynamics and supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber, including its fabrication process and characteristics. It also looks at plasmonics in guided media and nonlinearity in stratified media—both key areas for future research. The last chapter explores the importance of lasers in biophotonic applications. Written by experts engaged in teaching, research, and development in optics and photonics, this reference brings together fundamentals and recent advances in one volume. It offers a valuable overview of the field for students and researchers alike and identifies directions for future research in guided wave and photonic device technology.

This book provides a comprehensive course in optics that brings together the fundamentals of geometric and wave optics, as well as application examples and descriptions of many optical devices and instruments. The set of concepts covered ranges from the entire field of geometric and wave optics and an interesting introduction to quantum optics and offers a clear vision of optics. The book’s diagrams allow a visual and concrete illustration of optical phenomena in relation to the text. Detailed technical explanations are given, with a physical approach and precise mathematical formalism. It is particularly intended for first year students (MPSI, PCSI, PTSI) and second year students (MP-MP, PC-PC and PSI-PSI) and for undergraduate and graduate students. It will also be of interest to engineers and researchers seeking basic training in optics.

A classroom-tested introduction to integrated and fiber optics This text offers an in-depth treatment of integrated and fiber optics, providing graduate students, engineers, and scientists with a solid foundation of the principles, capabilities, uses, and limitations of guided-wave optic devices and systems. In addition to the transmission properties of dielectric waveguides and optical fibers, this book covers the principles of directional couplers, guided-wave gratings, arrayed-waveguide gratings, and fiber optic polarization components. The material is fully classroom-tested and carefully structured to help readers grasp concepts quickly and apply their knowledge to solving problems. Following an overview, including important nomenclature and notations, the text investigates three major topics: Integrated optics Fiber optics Pulse evolution and broadening in optical waveguides Each chapter starts with basic principles and gradually builds to more advanced concepts and applications. Compelling reasons for including each topic are given, detailed explanations of each concept are provided, and steps for each derivation are carefully set forth. Readers learn how to solve complex problems using physical concepts and simplified mathematics. Illustrations throughout the text aid in understanding key concepts, while problems at the end of each chapter test the readers' grasp of the material. The author has designed the text for upper-level undergraduates, graduate students in physics and electrical and computer engineering, and scientists. Each chapter is self-contained, enabling instructors to choose a subset of topics to match their particular course needs. Researchers and practitioners can also use the text as a self-study guide to gain a better understanding of photonic and fiber optic devices and systems.

Mathematical morphology (MM) is a powerful methodology for the quantitative analysis of geometrical structures. It consists of a broad and coherent collection of theoretical concepts, nonlinear signal operators, and algorithms aiming at extracting, from images or other geometrical objects, information related to their shape and size. Its mathematical origins stem from set theory, lattice algebra, and integral and stochastic geometry. MM was initiated in the late 1960s by G. Matheron and J. Serra at the Fontainebleau School of Mines in France. Originally it was applied to analyzing images from geological or biological specimens. However, its rich theoretical framework, algorithmic efficiency, easy implementability on special hardware, and suitability for many shape- oriented problems have propelled its widespread diffusion and adoption by many academic and industry groups in many countries as one among the dominant image analysis methodologies. The purpose of Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing is to provide the image analysis community with a sampling from the current developments in the theoretical (deterministic and stochastic) and computational aspects of MM and its applications to image and signal processing. The book consists of the papers presented at the ISMM'96 grouped into the following themes: Theory Connectivity Filtering Nonlinear System Related to Morphology Algorithms/Architectures Granulometries, Texture Segmentation Image Sequence Analysis Learning Document Analysis Applications

Application of Optical Fiber in Engineering chronicles the recent progress in the research and development of optical fiber technology and examines present and future opportunities by presenting the latest advances on key topics such as birefringence and polarization mode dispersion characteristics, quantum communication, polymer optical fiber grating, optical fiber sensing devices and the Raman fiber laser. All the contributing authors are experts in the field, and this book contains their latest research. This book will provide an invaluable source for researchers, engineers, and advanced students in the field of optical fibers, photonics, optoelectronics, fiber lasers, and sensors.