Quoting is all around us. But do we really know what it means? How do people actually quote today, and how did our present systems come about? This book brings together a down-to-earth account of contemporary quoting with an examination of the comparative and historical background that lies behind it and the characteristic way that quoting links past and present, the far and the near.Drawing from anthropology, cultural history, folklore, cultural studies, sociolinguistics, literary studies and the ethnography of speaking, Ruth Finnegan 's fascinating study sets our present conventions into crosscultural and historical perspective. She traces the curious history of quotation marks, examines the long tradition of quotation collections with their remarkable recycling across the centuries, and explores the uses of quotation in literary, visual and oral traditions. The book tracks the changing defi nitions and control of quoting over the millennia and in doing so throws new light on ideas such as imitation, allusion, authorship, originality and plagiarism .

Quotations are an essential part of the fabric of the language. In And I quote, Elizabeth Knowles draws on her experience editing the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations and employs a wide repertoire of examples, ranging from the classical canon to contemporary popular culture, to illuminate just how and why we quote. Her investigation focuses on how we find, choose, and use quotations in 21st century English, but it also leads her back in time to follow the journeys taken by individual quotes, as their meaning changes subtly - and sometimes not so subtly - over the decades and in many cases the centuries. In following the often-surprising stories of individual quotations, we gain an understanding of how they establish themselves, and to what degree they can develop a life independent of their original coinage. Everyone has their own quotations 'vocabulary', and each reader of the book will think of further items that they would use and wish to explore, but the journeys mapped here illuminate the many fascinating ways in which quotations have embedded themselves in the language, from the earliest dictionaries of quotations to the online world we experience today.

Shakespeare is both the world's most quoted author and a frequent quoter himself. This volume unites these creative practices.

"Pictures, Quotations, and Distinctions presents an anthology of the essays of Robert Sokolowski, a thinker who excels in questions of conceptual analysis. The essays constitute Sokolowski's sustained project of critical phenomenological analysis of many different forms of presentation as well as many different forms of human experience. Aimed at the specialist in phenomenology and the generalist in the philosophical tradition, Sokolowski's work describes various ways in which things appear: as pictured, quoted, measured, distinguished, explained, meant, and referred to. Through the analysis of appearances, he probes the question of being and clarifies the human condition. The fourteen essays are grouped into pairs or triplets. "Picturing" and "Quotation" describe representation in image and speech. "Making Distinctions" clarifies how we can isolate something as an issue for thought, and "Explaining" discusses what we do after we have isolated it. "Timing" and "Measurement" describe two ways in which wholes are articulated into parts, and "Exact Science and the World in Which We Live" further develops the theme of measurement. "Exorcising Concepts" and "Referring" are a phenomenological attempt to treat sense and reference. "Grammar and Thinking" and "Tarskian Harmonies in Words and Pictures" discuss the formal composition of sentences and images and their relationship to the way things are disclosed. The final three essays are studies in the phenomenology of ethical performance. By providing concrete analysis of human themes familiar to everything, such as picturing and quotation, these examples of applied phenomenology take appearances seriously, while making philosophical distinctions among them."--

This volume offers the reader a singular overview of current thinking on indirect reports. The contributors are eminent researchers from the fields of philosophy of language, theoretical linguistics and communication theory, who answer questions on this important issue. This exciting area of controversy has until now mostly been treated from the viewpoint of philosophy. This volume adds the views from semantics, conversation analysis and sociolinguistics. Authors address matters such as the issue of semantic minimalism vs. radical contextualism, the attribution of responsibility for the modes of presentation associated with Noun Phrases and how to distinguish the indirect reporter’s responsibility from the original speaker’s responsibility. They also explore the connection between indirect reporting and direct quoting. Clearly indirect reporting has some bearing on the semantics/pragmatics debate, however, there is much controversy on “what is said”, whether this is a minimal semantic logical form (enriched by saturating pronominals) or a much richer and fully contextualized logical form. This issue will be discussed from several angles. Many of the authors are contextualists and the discussion brings out the need to take context into account when one deals with indirect reports, both the context of the original utterance and the context of the report. It is interesting to see how rich cues and clues can radically transform the reported message, assigning illocutionary force and how they can be mobilized to distinguish several voices in the utterance. Decoupling the voice of the reporting speaker from that of the reported speaker on the basis of rich contextual clues is an important issue that pragmatic theory has to tackle. Articles on the issue of slurs will bring new light to the issue of decoupling responsibility in indirect reporting, while others are theoretically oriented and deal with deep problems in philosophy and epistemology.

Christians should have an audacity of faith with an auspicious outlook on life; but instead, we forget to keep our focus in perspective. We all struggle with inadvertent, day to day living and unruly heart interruptions. Th is, of course, is all along the lines of lifes journey. However in Christ, getting an understanding of our concrete problems becomes water under the bridge. How you perceive your problem will shape and determine your outcome. Your problem can either be deemed as a tool to catapult you into your victory or your spiritual death announcement upon your defeat. Its your call! Hidden in the writings of these poetic expressions and emotional odysseys, are minor, yet, helpful tips. One can be mindful that he or she is not alone, and during our struggles they should not be endured alone. We must understand that we need each other no matter what heartache or pains befall us! We need to grasp an understanding of the greatest gift which is love and allow it to fl ourish throughout our natural being. Once we allow love to rule in our hearts we can expect an increase of happiness in our lives. We must reach our destination BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY!!! We must be willing to demonstrate the power and character of our father by developing wisdom and embracing the anointing of LOVE to reach our destination, as well as accomplishing our God given tasks!

Blakey Vermeule wonders how readers become involved in the lives of fictional characters, people they know do not exist. Vermeule examines the ways in which readers’ experiences of literature are affected by the emotional attachments they form to fictional characters and how those experiences then influence their social relationships in real life. She focuses on a range of topics, from intimate articulations of sexual desire, gender identity, ambition, and rivalry to larger issues brought on by rapid historical and economic change. Vermeule discusses the phenomenon of emotional attachment to literary characters primarily in terms of 18th-century British fiction but also considers the postmodern work of Thomas Mann, J. M. Coetzee, Ian McEwan, and Chinua Achebe. From the perspective of cognitive science, Vermeule finds that caring about literary characters is not all that different from caring about other people, especially strangers. The tools used by literary authors to sharpen and focus reader interest tap into evolved neural mechanisms that trigger a caring response. This book contributes to the emerging field of evolutionary literary criticism. Vermeule draws upon recent research in cognitive science to understand the mental processes underlying human social interactions without sacrificing solid literary criticism. People interested in literary theory, in cognitive analyses of the arts, and in Darwinian approaches to human culture will find much to ponder in Why Do We Care about Literary Characters?