This comprehenisive text approaches the subject from an ecological/evolutionary biological perspective. The assumption is that one cannot study forest insects without understanding the dynamics of the relationship between an insect and its host plant. This relationship includes knowing what factors control forest insect populations such as food, food quality, tree vigor, host selection, and symbiotic relationships. The authors also discuss tree-injuring insects from the perspective of their influence on tree physiology and growth as well as economic and commercial effects. The book represents a "modern" approach to the topic of forest and shade tree insects; is well-illustrated; and includes a comprehensive primary reference list.

Monoterpene composition was studied in a number of hard pine species and results were compared with earlier work. (I) Intratree measurements showed strong constancy of composition in both single-stemmed and forked trees of ponderosa, Jeffrey, Coulter, and Jeffrey x ponderosa pines. In grafts of these and other pines, the scion influenced the root stock, but not the reverse. (2) Large intcrtree variation in composition was found in a small sample of seven hard pines native to Mexico; the value of monoterpenes in clarifying taxonomy of these pines remains uncertain. (3) An 80-tree plot of ponderosa is adequate to determine average monoterpene composition. For the best estimate of the kinds and abundance of types of composition, a 350-tree plot is needed. Short-column chromatographic analysis is acceptably accurate for rapid classification of a large number of samples.