Did you ever see any phenomena of "Bermuda triangle" or path of Bigfoot? Do you ever believe in possibility for existence of such events? Reflection of universe puzzles on our beloved planet attracts attention of most people to such incredible phenomena from ancient to present time. Flight 19, Loch Ness monster, dooming flying creatures, beginning of life on this planet and much more incredible evidences of eyewitness and results of theoretical work all those incredible pieces of great puzzle unified in single theory resting on strong theoretical frame of modern science proved by doubtless source of knowledge rises as timeless Z-Theory giving answers on wide area of "unexplainable" questions and "impossible" events.

Introduces the basic tools in spectral analysis using numerous examples from the Schrödinger operator theory and various branches of physics.

Mathematical models are often used to describe complex phenomena such as climate change dynamics, stock market fluctuations, and the Internet. These models typically depend on estimated values of key parameters that determine system behavior. Hence it is important to know what happens when these values are changed. The study of single-parameter deviations provides a natural starting point for this analysis in many special settings in the sciences, engineering, and economics. The difference between the actual and nominal values of the perturbation parameter is small but unknown, and it is important to understand the asymptotic behavior of the system as the perturbation tends to zero. This is particularly true in applications with an apparent discontinuity in the limiting behavior?the so-called singularly perturbed problems. Analytic Perturbation Theory and Its Applications includes a comprehensive treatment of analytic perturbations of matrices, linear operators, and polynomial systems, particularly the singular perturbation of inverses and generalized inverses. It also offers original applications in Markov chains, Markov decision processes, optimization, and applications to Google PageRank? and the Hamiltonian cycle problem as well as input retrieval in linear control systems and a problem section in every chapter to aid in course preparation.

"Addresses contemporary developments in number theory and coding theory, originally presented as lectures at summer school held at Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. Includes many results in book form for the first time."

Number Theory and its Applications is a textbook for students pursuing mathematics as major in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the print book in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

This volume presents modern trends in the area of symmetries and their applications based on contributions from the workshop "Lie Theory and Its Applications in Physics", held near Varna, Bulgaria, in June 2015. Traditionally, Lie theory is a tool to build mathematical models for physical systems.Recently, the trend has been towards geometrization of the mathematical description of physical systems and objects. A geometric approach to a system yields in general some notion of symmetry, which is very helpful in understanding its structure. Geometrization and symmetries are employed in their widest sense, embracing representation theory, algebraic geometry, number theory, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and groups, superalgebras and supergroups, groups and quantum groups, noncommutative geometry, symmetries of linear and nonlinear partial differential operators (PDO), special functions, and others. Furthermore, the necessary tools from functional analysis are included.“div>This is a large interdisciplinary and interrelated field, and the present volume is suitable for a broad audience of mathematicians, mathematical physicists, and theoretical physicists, including researchers and graduate students interested in Lie Theory.

Most introductory textbooks on stochastic processes which cover standard topics such as Poisson process, Brownian motion, renewal theory and random walks deal inadequately with their applications. Written in a simple and accessible manner, this book addresses that inadequacy and provides guidelines and tools to study the applications. The coverage includes research developments in Markov property, martingales, regenerative phenomena and Tauberian theorems, and covers measure theory at an elementary level.

Finite model theory,as understoodhere, is an areaof mathematicallogic that has developed in close connection with applications to computer science, in particular the theory of computational complexity and database theory. One of the fundamental insights of mathematical logic is that our understanding of mathematical phenomena is enriched by elevating the languages we use to describe mathematical structures to objects of explicit study. If mathematics is the science of patterns, then the media through which we discern patterns, as well as the structures in which we discern them, command our attention. It isthis aspect oflogicwhichis mostprominentin model theory,“thebranchof mathematical logic which deals with the relation between a formal language and its interpretations”. No wonder, then, that mathematical logic, and ?nite model theory in particular, should ?nd manifold applications in computer science: from specifying programs to querying databases, computer science is rife with phenomena whose understanding requires close attention to the interaction between language and structure. This volume gives a broadoverviewof some central themes of ?nite model theory: expressive power, descriptive complexity, and zero–one laws, together with selected applications to database theory and arti?cial intelligence, es- cially constraint databases and constraint satisfaction problems. The ?nal chapter provides a concise modern introduction to modal logic,which emp- sizes the continuity in spirit and technique with ?nite model theory.

Algebraic K-Theory is crucial in many areas of modern mathematics, especially algebraic topology, number theory, algebraic geometry, and operator theory. This text is designed to help graduate students in other areas learn the basics of K-Theory and get a feel for its many applications. Topics include algebraic topology, homological algebra, algebraic number theory, and an introduction to cyclic homology and its interrelationship with K-Theory.

The Set Theory and Applications meeting at York University, Ontario, featured both contributed talks and a series of invited lectures on topics central to set theory and to general topology. These proceedings contain a selection of the resulting papers, mostly announcing new unpublished results.