This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference of B and Z Users, ZB 2002, held in Grenoble, France in January 2002. The 24 papers presented together with three invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The book documents the recent advances for the Z formal specification notion and for the B method; the full scope is covered, ranging from foundational and theoretical issues to advanced applications, tools, and case studies.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Z and B users, ZB 2005, held in Guildford, UK in April 2005. The 25 revised full papers presented together with extended abstracts of 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers document the recent advances for the Z formal specification notation and for the B method, ranging from foundational, theoretical, and methodological issues to advanced applications, tools, and case studies.

The refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference of Z and B Users, ZB 2003, held in Turku, Finland in June 2003. The 28 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The book documents the recent advances for the Z formal specification notation and for the B method, spanning the full scope from foundational, theoretical, and methodological issues to advanced applications, tools, and case studies.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2005, held in Manchester, UK in November 2005. The 30 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 74 submissions. The papers address all current issues in formal methods and their applications in software engineering. They are organized in topical sections on specification, modelling, security, communication, development, testing, verification, and tools.

Refinement is one of the cornerstones of a formal approach to software engineering. Refinement is all about turning an abstract description (of a soft or hardware system) into something closer to implementation. It provides that essential bridge between higher level requirements and an implementation of those requirements. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to refinement for the researcher or graduate student. It introduces refinement in different semantic models, and shows how refinement is defined and used within some of the major formal methods and languages in use today. It (1) introduces the reader to different ways of looking at refinement, relating refinement to observations(2) shows how these are realised in different semantic models (3) shows how different formal methods use different models of refinement, and (4) how these models of refinement are related.

These 57 papers from the December 2002 conference present new approaches to requirements engineering, formal methods, components, software design and architecture, model checking, education, project management, documentation, and software maintenance. Among the topics are the impact of requirements