Globally an estimated 34 million people have HIV. More than 35 million people have died from the virus, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in history. Today, many scientific advances have been made in HIV treatment, there are laws to protect people living with HIV and we understand so much more about the condition. But despite this, people do not know the facts about how to protect themselves and others from HIV, and stigma and discrimination remain a reality for many people living with HIV. The idea for this book grew out of a institutional consultation by various departments under the patron ship of the director & the dean of AIIMS Bhubaneswar on offering concise and original introductions to a wide range of subjects on HIV/AIDS. This meeting brought experts on HIV/AIDS together with national AIDS programme managers to discuss how HIV/AIDS could be addressed more systematically within existing HIV health sector programmes. The participants recognized that for this goal to be achieved it was necessary to produce an book for programme managers, students and health care staff to provide knowledge about the various guidelines ,address specific types of HIV/AIDS clinical conditions and their management and diagnostic algorithms for screening and identification of HIV positive cases. The process of developing this book has been iterative, with revisions being made continuously through interaction with numerous reviewers, people in the field and, in the final stages, review by the editors with continuous guidance and support by the chief editor. The book is not only thoroughly researched and authoritative – it is very timely, since an epidemic of AIDS and people living with HIV is superimposing itself upon the heavy cost that AIDS is already exacting from men and women throughout the world. This is particularly so in Africa, but also in Western Europe and North America and Asia. The book is important as it reminds the public and Government that HIV has not gone away – there is still a vital need to raise money, increase awareness, fight prejudice and improve education. It gives an opportunity to learn the facts about HIV and put the knowledge into action. If helps to understand how HIV is transmitted, how it can be prevented, and the reality of living with HIV today - this knowledge can be used to take care of one’s health and the health of others, and ensure treating everyone living with HIV fairly, and with respect and understanding. That's why it was decided to create awareness by releasing a concise book on HIV/AIDS at AIIMS Bhubaneswar. The book is timely for a further reason. The UNAIDS has chosen, “Getting to Zero” as the theme for the year 2015. This selected by the World AIDS Campaign (WAC) to commemorate year 2015 World AIDS Day on 1st December. The new theme, that will be used until 2015, echoes the UNAIDS vision of achieving “Zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero AIDS-related deaths. For even though the epidemic has been identifiably present for nearly 30 years, there is still much work to be done – not only in bringing life-saving treatment to everyone who faces death from AIDS, but in shaping insights about how best to deal with AIDS. The grief, pain and loss the pandemic inflicts can make us angry. Ignorance of how HIV is transmitted can make us fearful. HIV-related stigma can make us respond irrationally to those living with the virus. This book will, we think, be very helpful to the programme managers, students and health care staff. The book is well-structured, carefully stated and authoritative. It argues & emphasises a point – “Zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero AIDS-related deaths & also provides insight into the various aspects of HIV transmission, diagnostic modalities , social and psychological aspects of AIDS patients with evidence and empathy. Through its information and the authority with which it uses its arguments, this book makes an important contribution to global understanding of policy in the epidemic. The book is not simply a textbook of definitions; each chapter provides trenchant and provocative--yet always balanced and complete--discussions of the central issues in a given topic. Every Very Short Introduction gives a readable evolution of the subject in question, demonstrating how it has developed. Whatever the area of HIV / AIDS related study, each topic will fascinates the reader, the book is a handy and affordable guide that will likely prove indispensable.

"Whilst a cure for HIV/AIDS continues to elude scientists, the number of HIV/AIDS cases continues to increase. Education becomes the key to curtailing the spread of the disease. Education and HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean describes the impact of HIV/AIDS on education in both the global and Caribbean contexts and outlines the lessons to be learnt from the global experience. The aim of the book is not only to highlight the role of education in HIV/AIDS prevention but also to look specifically at the education sector, its role and response, as well as the management of the response. It also intends to ensure that the education sector recognises the crucial role it must play in reducing the impact of HIV/AIDS. The text is complete with illustrations on the socioeconomic, health and gender aspects of the disease, and is a useful resource for anyone wanting to obtain precise information about the impact of the disease in the Caribbean. "

A unique multi-media teaching kit for those instructing clients, staff, and students about HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS has rapidly emerged as one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. In the absence of a cure, prevention remains a crucial strategy for reducing its impact. It is critically important to understand not only the science of the disease, but also the behavioral and sociocultural influences that both facilitate and prevent the spread of HIV. In a concise and convenient format The Complete HIV/AIDS Teaching Kit provides a multidisciplinary approach to teaching the biomedical, social, psychological, and behavioral aspects of HIV transmission, prevention and treatment--offering readers a full understanding of the disease. Helpful teaching tools like learning objectives, key medical and science terms, discussion questions, and quizzes are just a few of the resources included in the text to make counseling clients, leading group discussions, teaching students, or offering outreach in your community more accessible and effective. The CD Includes: PowerPoint slides In-classroom learning activities Supplemental homework assignments Recommended reading lists Web resources And much more! Use the companion volume, Tools for Building Culturally Competent HIV Prevention Programs to answer all your questions about program structure, effectiveness, goals, recruitment, evaluation, and more.

Annotation Drug policies are often categorized in terms of public health and safety: governments forbid the voluntary use of certain substances because such use undermines the good of society as a whole. This book aims to position drug policies in another context - the context of human rights. Articles will examine the rights of drug users, with special attention to the right to adequate medical care, which is often denied to intravenous drug users who are suffering from HIV/AIDS. included will be articles that express a contrary position: that intravenous drug users have voluntarily relinquished their rights by engaging in criminal behavior. Particularly controversial are the rights of drug-using mothers whose children are sometimes put into state custody. The book will also examine the conflict between criminal codes and the human right of individual freedom, emphasizing the human rights abuses that often accompany drug policy enforcement. The texts of basic treaties and accords on human rights will be included.

Siplon (political science, Saint Michael's College) identifies the three key factors of any policy formation analysis as the role of organization, the role of values, and the problem of changing distributions and inflicting costs on affected groups and society in general. She applies this understanding to an exploration of several policy areas and their defining struggles related to the AIDS epidemic in the United States. The actions and impacts of actors inside and outside of government are explored in the cases of new drug policy, blood policy, harm reduction versus abstinence as AIDS prevention models, the Ryan White CARE Act, and AIDS as a foreign policy issue. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Spanning two volumes of approximately 450 entries in an A-to-Z format, this encyclopedia explores the controversial drug war through the lens of varied disciplines. A full spectrum of articles explains topics from Colombian cartels and Mexican kingpins to television reportage; from "just say no" advertising to heroin production; and from narco-terrorism to more than $500 billion in U.S. government expenditures. Key Themes- Cases- Conferences and Conventions- Countries (Affecting U.S. Drug Policy)- Drug Trade and Trafficking- Laws and Policies- Organizations and Agencies- People-Presidential Administrations- Treatment and Addiction- Types of Drugs

Treating Drinkers and Drug Users in the Community is the second book in a new collection from Addiction Press. Addiction Press was set up with the express purpose of communicating current ideas and evidence in this expanding field, not only to researchers and practising health professionals, but also to policy makers, students and interested non-specialists. These publications are designed to address the significant challenges that addiction presents to modern society. The drugs field has undergone a phase of rapid change in recent years and all the non-medical treatment interventions for those with alcohol problems and dependence can be equally helpful for drug users. This has opened the way for unification of alcohol and drug treatment services at a clinical level, with potential for more efficient service provision and for effective interventions which can be readily adopted in a wide range of settings. Modern drug and alcohol services and all professionals working with substance users will benefit from the initiatives and procedures discussed in this book. Key features * Describes a wide range of treatments for young people and adults with drug and alcohol dependence * Integrates alcohol and drug prevention and treatment * Provides an invaluable and accessible guide for many different professionals * Sets out assessment criteria, questionnaires, and a joint treatment framework

The immune system is the only organ system in the body besides the central nervous systems endowed with memory. Both types of memories are specific and long-lasting, sometimes life long. This memory capacity of the immune system provides the basis for the most cost-efficient of all medical interventions, successful vaccinations against many common infectious diseases. Such a success requires the isolation of the infectious agent or toxic substance, methods to grow and/or purify the relevant antigen and change it into something innocuous whilst maintaining its immunogenicity. Whereas the early vaccines could only use the enhanced resistance against infectious disease as a measure of vaccine efficacy, most modern vaccines rely upon standardized laboratory tests accepted to parallel the in vivo protective capacity to confirm the quality and potency of the respective vaccine. We are presently experiencing an explosion in the development of new and/or improved vaccines. This is largely due to a parallel rapid expansion in our knowledge of the immune system and of the detailed molecular structure and function of microorganisms. Using this knowledge it is now possible to compose vaccines of new types where only certain molecules (or parts of molecules) derived from a pathogen are included, excluding other potentially harmful ones. Whereas earlier attenuated live vaccines were created by em pirical means such vaccines can now be created by molecularly defined inter ventions in the genome of the microorganism.