The scope of Artificial Intelligence's (AI) hold on modern life is only just beginning to be fully understood. Academics, professionals, policymakers, and legislators are analysing the effects of AI in the legal realm, notably in human rights work. Artificial Intelligence technologies and modern human rights have lived parallel lives for the last sixty years, and they continue to evolve with one another as both fields take shape. Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence explores the effects of AI on both the concept of human rights and on specific topics, including civil and political rights, privacy, non-discrimination, fair procedure, and asylum. Second- and third-generation human rights are also addressed. By mapping this relationship, the book clarifies the benefits and risks for human rights as new AI applications are designed and deployed. Its granular perspective makes Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence a seminal text on the legal ramifications of machine learning. This expansive volume will be useful to academics and professionals navigating the complex relationship between AI and human rights.

We are publishing this book as the result of a research project carried out by the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in Spain and AFM Krakow University in Poland. Some parts of it were already announced during a scientific Conference organised remotely in Kraków in October 2020. It is now time to present the research findings in writing.The issue of Artificial Intelligence has long raised questions and interests, including those of legal science. A number of problems have not yet been widely analysed, despite the fact that the present time is undoubtedly a time of technological challenges. Therefore, in the presented publication, prepared by the international scientific community, under our scientific guidance, the authors try to analyse the areas which, in their opinion and in our opinion, required such analysis. The leitmotif of our scientific work was human rights and their relationship with Artificial Intelligence. In presenting the research results in this book, we realise that a number of issues still need to be clarified. Nevertheless, we hope that the work presented for the reader’s consideration will constitute an interesting voice in the discussion, a point of reference for all those dealing with the legal issues of new technologies and the protection of human rights.As the presented book is a collective work, the authors essentially present their own views. The whole work has been designed to address a broad spectrum of issues in Artificial Intelligence and human rights in a single collection. We are convinced that such a broad view will allow everyone interested in the discussed issues to see the essence of contemporary problems faced by the science of law in a multinational perspective.We encourage everyone to read the book!Laura Miraut MartínMariusz Zalucki

The unmatched technological achievements in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, computer science, and related fields over the last few decades can be considered a success story. The technological sophistication has been so groundbreaking in various types of applications that many experts believe that we will see, at some point or another, the emergence of general AI (AGI) and, eventually, superintelligence. This book examines the impact of AI on human rights by focusing on potential risks and human rights legislation and proposes creating a Universal Convention for the Rights of AI Systems (AI Convention).

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. The open access publication has been financially supported by Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń as part of the research project: “Freedom or Security? Legal and Ethical Dilemmas of New Digital Technologies - the Perspective of International Human Rights Law and Security Policies” (IDUB grant, “Inter disciplinas excellentia”) This book explores how international organizations have addressed the actual and potential human rights issues caused by AI technologies. Combining in-depth theoretical and doctrinal analysis with a pragmatic approach, it addresses vital questions on where accountability and responsibility for AI-related violations of human rights should lie.

T​his book critically explores how and to what extent artificial intelligence (AI) can infringe human rights and/or lead to socially harmful consequences and how to avoid these. The European Union has outlined how it will use big data, machine learning, and AI to tackle a number of inherently social problems, including poverty, climate change, social inequality and criminality. The contributors of this book argue that the developments in AI must take place in an appropriate legal and ethical framework and they make recommendations to ensure that harm and human rights violations are avoided. The book is split into two parts: the first addresses human rights violations and harms that may occur in relation to AI in different domains (e.g. border control, surveillance, facial recognition) and the second part offers recommendations to address these issues. It draws on interdisciplinary research and speaks to policy-makers and criminologists, sociologists, scholars in STS studies, security studies scholars and legal scholars.

Artificial intelligence (AI) involves opportunities as well as risks; human rights should be strengthened by AI, not undermined. This Recommendation on AI and human rights provides guidance on the way in which the negative impact of AI systems on human rights can be prevented or mitigated, focusing on 10 key areas of action.

This book examines the tangled responsibilities of states, companies, and individuals surrounding human rights in the digital age. Digital technologies have a huge impact – for better and worse – on human lives; while they can clearly enhance some human rights, they also facilitate a wide range of violations. States are expected to implement efficient measures against powerful private companies, but, at the same time, they are drawn to technologies that extend their own control over citizens. Tech companies are increasingly asked to prevent violations committed online by their users, yet many of their business models depend on the accumulation and exploitation of users' personal data. While civil society has a crucial part to play in upholding human rights, it is also the case that individuals harm other individuals online. All three stakeholders need to ensure that technology does not provoke the disintegration of human rights. Bringing together experts from a range of disciplines, including law, international relations, and journalism, this book provides a detailed analysis of the impact of digital technologies on human rights, which will be of interest to academics, research students and professionals concerned by this issue.

Artificial intelligence (AI) – both in its current, comparatively limited form and even more so in its potential future forms (such as general and superintelligence) – has raised both concerns and hopes. Its actual and potential consequences are increasingly far-reaching, affecting almost every facet of human life on a collective and individual level: from the use of mobile phones and social media to autonomous weapons, and from the digitalization of knowledge and information to the patentability of AI innovations, unexpected philosophical, ontological, political and legal questions continue to arise.This book offers an insightful and essential guide to the scientific questions that are shaping humanity’s present and future. Presenting a collection of academic essays written by prominent scholars, it addresses the major legal issues concerning AI: its impact on a wide range of human behavior and the general legal response, including questions on AI and legal personhood; responsibility, liability and culpability in the age of AI; the challenges AI poses for intellectual property regimes; human rights challenges; and AI’s impact on jus ad bellum and jus in bello.Given its scope, the book will appeal to researchers, scholars and practitioners seeking a guide to this rapidly transforming landscape.

The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises.

This timely book investigates emerging efforts to govern artificial intelligence (AI) at an international level. It aptly emphasizes the complex interactions involved when creating international laws, exploring potential and current developments in AI regulation.