One of the major challenges in tissue engineering is the translation of biological knowledge on complex cell and tissue behavior into a predictive and robust engineering process. Mastering this complexity is an essential step towards clinical applications of tissue engineering. This volume discusses computational modeling tools that allow studying the biological complexity in a more quantitative way. More specifically, computational tools can help in: (i) quantifying and optimizing the tissue engineering product, e.g. by adapting scaffold design to optimize micro-environmental signals or by adapting selection criteria to improve homogeneity of the selected cell population; (ii) quantifying and optimizing the tissue engineering process, e.g. by adapting bioreactor design to improve quality and quantity of the final product; and (iii) assessing the influence of the in vivo environment on the behavior of the tissue engineering product, e.g. by investigating vascular ingrowth. The book presents examples of each of the above mentioned areas of computational modeling. The underlying tissue engineering applications will vary from blood vessels over trachea to cartilage and bone. For the chapters describing examples of the first two areas, the main focus is on (the optimization of) mechanical signals, mass transport and fluid flow encountered by the cells in scaffolds and bioreactors as well as on the optimization of the cell population itself. In the chapters describing modeling contributions in the third area, the focus will shift towards the biology, the complex interactions between biology and the micro-environmental signals and the ways in which modeling might be able to assist in investigating and mastering this complexity. The chapters cover issues related to (multiscale/multiphysics) model building, training and validation, but also discuss recent advances in scientific computing techniques that are needed to implement these models as well as new tools that can be used to experimentally validate the computational results.

Mathematical and numerical modelling of engineering problems in medicine is aimed at unveiling and understanding multidisciplinary interactions and processes and providing insights useful to clinical care and technology advances for better medical equipment and systems. When modelling medical problems, the engineer is confronted with multidisciplinary problems of electromagnetism, heat and mass transfer, and structural mechanics with, possibly, different time and space scales, which may raise concerns in formulating consistent, solvable mathematical models. Computational Medical Engineering presents a number of engineering for medicine problems that may be encountered in medical physics, procedures, diagnosis and monitoring techniques, including electrical activity of the heart, hemodynamic activity monitoring, magnetic drug targeting, bioheat models and thermography, RF and microwave hyperthermia, ablation, EMF dosimetry, and bioimpedance methods. The authors discuss the core approach methodology to pose and solve different problems of medical engineering, including essentials of mathematical modelling (e.g., criteria for well-posed problems); physics scaling (homogenization techniques); Constructal Law criteria in morphing shape and structure of systems with internal flows; computational domain construction (CAD and, or reconstruction techniques based on medical images); numerical modelling issues, and validation techniques used to ascertain numerical simulation results. In addition, new ideas and venues to investigate and understand finer scale models and merge them into continuous media medical physics are provided as case studies. - Presents the fundamentals of mathematical and numerical modeling of engineering problems in medicine - Discusses many of the most common modelling scenarios for Biomedical Engineering, including, electrical activity of the heart hemodynamic activity monitoring, magnetic drug targeting, bioheat models and thermography, RF and microwave hyperthermia, ablation, EMF dosimetry, and bioimpedance methods - Includes discussion of the core approach methodology to pose and solve different problems of medical engineering, including essentials of mathematical modelling, physics scaling, Constructal Law criteria in morphing shape and structure of systems with internal flows, computational domain construction, numerical modelling issues, and validation techniques used to ascertain numerical simulation results

Computational Models in Biomedical Engineering: Finite Element Models Based on Smeared Physical Fields: Theory, Solutions, and Software discusses novel computational methodologies developed by the authors that address a variety of topics in biomedicine, with concepts that rely on the so-called smeared physical field built into the finite element method. A new and straightforward methodology is represented by their Kojic Transport Model (KTM), where a composite smeared finite element (CSFE) as a FE formulation contains different fields (e.g., drug concentration, electrical potential) in a composite medium, such as tissue, which includes the capillary and lymphatic system, different cell groups and organelles. The continuum domains participate in the overall model according to their volumetric fractions. The governing laws and material parameters are assigned to each of the domains. Furthermore, the continuum fields are coupled at each FE node by connectivity elements which take into account biological barriers such as vessel walls and cells. - Provides a methodology based on the smeared concept within the finite element method which is simple, straightforward and easy to use - Enables the modeling of complex physical field problems and the mechanics of biological systems - Includes features that are illustrated in chapters devoted to applications surrounding tissue, heart and lung - Includes a methodology that can serve as a basis for further enhancements by including additional phenomena which can be described by relevant relationships, derived theoretically or experimentally observed in laboratories and clinics

Bone tissue engineering aims to develop artificial bone substitutes that partially or totally restore the natural regeneration capability of bone tissue lost under circumstances of injury, significant defects, or diseases such as osteoporosis. In this context, biomaterials are the keystone of the methodology. Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have evolved from biocompatible materials that mimic the physical and chemical environment of bone tissue to a new generation of materials that actively interacts with the physiological environment, accelerating bone tissue growth. Mathematical modelling and simulation are important tools in the overall methodology. This book presents an overview of the current investigations and recent contributions in the field of bone tissue engineering. It includes several successful examples of multidisciplinary collaboration in this transversal area of research. The book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals of a number of disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, biology, and veterinary. The book is composed of an editorial section and 16 original research papers authored by leading researchers of this discipline from different laboratories across the world

Availability of advanced computational technology has fundamentally altered the investigative paradigm in the field of biomechanics. Armed with sophisticated computational tools, researchers are seeking answers to fundamental questions by exploring complex biomechanical phenomena at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. The computational armamentarium includes such diverse tools as the ab initio quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics methods at the atomistic scales and the finite element, boundary element, meshfree as well as immersed boundary and lattice-Boltzmann methods at the continuum scales. Multiscale methods that link various scales are also being developed. While most applications require forward analysis, e.g., finding deformations and stresses as a result of loading, others involve determination of constitutive parameters based on tissue imaging and inverse analysis. This book provides a glimpse of the diverse and important roles that modern computational technology is playing in various areas of biomechanics including biofluids and mass transfer, cardiovascular mechanics, musculoskeletal mechanics, soft tissue mechanics, and biomolecular mechanics.

Multiscale Modelling in Biomedical Engineering Discover how multiscale modeling can enhance patient treatment and outcomes In Multiscale Modelling in Biomedical Engineering, an accomplished team of biomedical professionals delivers a robust treatment of the foundation and background of a general computational methodology for multi-scale modeling. The authors demonstrate how this methodology can be applied to various fields of biomedicine, with a particular focus on orthopedics and cardiovascular medicine. The book begins with a description of the relationship between multiscale modeling and systems biology before moving on to proceed systematically upwards in hierarchical levels from the molecular to the cellular, tissue, and organ level. It then examines multiscale modeling applications in specific functional areas, like mechanotransduction, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems. Multiscale Modelling in Biomedical Engineering offers readers experiments and exercises to illustrate and implement the concepts contained within. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to systems biology and multi-scale modeling, including a survey of various multi-scale methods and approaches and analyses of their application in systems biology Comprehensive explorations of biomedical imaging and nanoscale modeling at the molecular, cell, tissue, and organ levels Practical discussions of the mechanotransduction perspective, including recent progress and likely future challenges In-depth examinations of risk prediction in patients using big data analytics and data mining Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students of bioengineering, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, and medicine, Multiscale Modelling in Biomedical Engineering will also earn a place in the libraries of industry professional and researchers seeking a one-stop reference to the basic engineering principles of biological systems.

Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Challenges bridges the gap between biomedical scientists and clinical practitioners. The work reviews the history of tissue engineering, covers the basics required for the beginner, and inspires those in the field toward future research and application emerging in this fast-moving field. Written by global experts in the field for those studying and researching tissue engineering, the book reviews regenerative technologies, stem cell research and regeneration of organs. It then moves to soft tissue engineering (heart, vascular, muscle and 3D scaffolding and printing), hard tissue engineering (bone, dental myocardial and musculoskeletal) and translational avenues in the field. - Introduces readers to the history and benefits of tissue engineering - Includes coverage of new techniques and technologies, such as nanotechnology and nanoengineering - Presents concepts, ideology and theories which form the foundation for next-generation tissue engineering

Computational Biology for Stem Cell Research is an invaluable guide for researchers as they explore HSCs and MSCs in computational biology. With the growing advancement of technology in the field of biomedical sciences, computational approaches have reduced the financial and experimental burden of the experimental process. In the shortest span, it has established itself as an integral component of any biological research activity. HSC informatics (in silico) techniques such as machine learning, genome network analysis, data mining, complex genome structures, docking, system biology, mathematical modeling, programming (R, Python, Perl, etc.) help to analyze, visualize, network constructions, and protein-ligand or protein-protein interactions. This book is aimed at beginners with an exact correlation between the biomedical sciences and in silico computational methods for HSCs transplantation and translational research and provides insights into methods targeting HSCs properties like proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis. - Modeling Stem Cell Behavior: Explore stem cell behavior through animal models, bridging laboratory studies to real-world clinical allogeneic HSC transplantation (HSCT) scenarios. - Bioinformatics-Driven Translational Research: Navigate a path from bench to bedside with cutting-edge bioinformatics approaches, translating computational insights into tangible advancements in stem cell research and medical applications. - Interdisciplinary Resource: Discover a single comprehensive resource catering to biomedical sciences, life sciences, and chemistry fields, offering essential insights into computational tools vital for modern research.

A comprehensive overview of the latest achievements, trends, and the current state of the art of this important and rapidly expanding field. Clearly and logically structured, the first part of the book explores the fundamentals of tissue engineering, providing a separate chapter on each of the basic topics, including biomaterials stem cells, biosensors and bioreactors. The second part then follows a more applied approach, discussing various applications of tissue engineering, such as the replacement or repairing of skins, cartilages, livers and blood vessels, to trachea, lungs and cardiac tissues, to musculoskeletal tissue engineering used for bones and ligaments as well as pancreas, kidney and neural tissue engineering for the brain. The book concludes with a look at future technological advances. An invaluable reading for entrants to the field in biomedical engineering as well as expert researchers and developers in industry.

Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology in the Musculoskeletal System: Biomaterials and Tissues, Second Edition reviews how a wide range of materials are modeled and applied. Chapters cover basic concepts for modeling of biomechanics and biotribology, the fundamentals of computational modeling of biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system, finite element modeling in the musculoskeletal system, computational modeling from a cells and tissues perspective, and computational modeling of the biomechanics and biotribology interactions, looking at complex joint structures. This book is a comprehensive resource for professionals in the biomedical market, materials scientists and biomechanical engineers, and academics in related fields. This important new edition provides an up-to-date overview of the most recent research and developments involving hydroxyapatite as a key material in medicine and its application, including new content on novel technologies, biomorphic hydroxyapatite and more. - Provides detailed, introductory coverage of modeling of cells and tissues, modeling of biomaterials and interfaces, biomechanics and biotribology - Discusses applications of modeling for joint replacements and applications of computational modeling in tissue engineering - Offers a holistic perspective, from cells and small ligaments to complex joint interactions