The report summarizes the proceedings, discussions and outcomes of the consultation workshop on "policy analysis to support nationally determined contributions for climate action in Rwanda's livestock systems", which took place in Musanze, Rwanda from 13 to 16 December 2021. The workshop was organized by FAO in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources of Rwanda.

Livestock is crucial to Kenya's economy and socio-cultural practices, but it also contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Climate-smart agriculture and sustainable livestock management practices can help Kenya achieve its climate change targets and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while ensuring food and nutrition security. This report presents the key outcomes and recommendations of a national stakeholder workshop FAO organized in December 2022 to address climate change in Kenya's livestock sector.

Effective early warning systems provide the capacity to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. [Author] To support countries in the prevention and management of losses caused by animal diseases the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is working to develop a strategic framework for early warning (EW) of animal health threats. [Author] FAO organized a global technical consultation to gather expertise across various health sectors and inform development of the framework. [Author] The meeting was attended by more than 70 participants, gathering expertise form animal, public and environmental health at various geographical levels. [Author] Through a series of brainstorming sessions, experts outlined concrete priority actions and targets that can be put in place in order to strengthen EWS in the short term, move towards anticipatory systems in the medium term, and finally, in the long term, build systems that are focused on prevention. [Author] This report summarizes the main discussions and conclusions. [Author]

African swine fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic and wild pigs. The disease has recently become one of the major global concerns for the livestock sector. While eradication remains a distant goal in several endemic countries, updated and science based control strategies are important for mitigating risks and reducing the socio-economic impact of the disease, for protecting the livelihoods of the most vulnerable along the value chain and for ensuring business continuity for the pork industry. To support countries in their endeavor to manage the ASF risk, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), in collaboration with the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), has brought together ASF experts, risk managers, and private sector representatives to provide latest scientific knowledge and consult on recommendations for updated, more effective and sustainable disease management approaches. The consultation was held in FAO HQ in Rome on 12-14 December 2023 and was attended by more than 200 participants in person and online. Key recommendations include addressing human behavior along the value chain; updating international strategies based on scientific evidence; promoting passive surveillance in domestic pigs and wild boars; finding innovative ways for improving biosecurity along the value chain by understanding motivations, disincentives and incentives; foster collaboration between stakeholders and engage the private sector; carefully assess vaccination options; explore the possibility of partial culling; promote and further develop costing tools for better preparedness and economic estimations; promote compartmentalization and regionalization/zoning while working on improved trade strategies.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a severe and highly contagious disease that has severe impacts on animal and human health, livelihoods, and the economy. At the time of the consultation, the recent panzootic had affected more than 70 countries and territories, resulting in over 11 000 disease events in both wild and domestic bird populations. The disease has also spilled over to several mammalian species, including humans, and may result in severe ecological and biodiversity consequences. Considering the alarming spread of HPAI and the evolution of avian influenza in wild birds, The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza (OFFLU) brought together the global scientific community to review the latest science and evidence on the disease, to support development/implementation of disease prevention and control strategies and policies and contribute to global efforts towards reducing pandemic risk. The report summarizes the meeting discussions, and key recommendations to reduce the transmission of HPAI along the poultry value chains, and the spillover risk to humans and wildlife. The meeting report will contribute to revising the FAO-WOAH global control strategy for HPAI and developing evidence-based policies and research agendas to tackle the disease. Sharing the meeting report with technical experts and policy makers will help support the development of a research and development agenda to tackle HPAI globally.

This report highlightes outcomes and recommendations provided during the FAO regional expert workshop “Enhancing national climate actions to reduce methane emissions in livestock systems in Asia and the Pacific”. The regional workshop was designed to help countries in Asia and the Pacific identify new opportunities to reduce methane emissions from livestock systems in the region. The report illustrates best practices, solutions and ideas shared by countries and livestock stakeholders in Asia and the Pacific to achieve ambitious climate targets.

Due to the urgent need to protect communities, ecosystems, and economies from the impacts of a changing climate, adaptation is becoming increasingly relevant. Climate change is already a significant stressor on most global and local value chains and threatens food security. This makes timely implementation of sustainable adaptation actions that catalyse agrifood system resilience indispensable for working towards better nutrition, better environments and better production, leaving no one behind. Recognizing the important role adaptation plays for agrifood systems, and its prominence in the Paris Agreement, the paper presents and reflects on FAO’s repertoire of different adaptation actions and solutions. Complementing the conclusion of the Global Stocktake at COP28, it comprehensively summarizes FAO’s efforts to boost progress in global adaptation actions. The paper (a) emphasizes the importance of bringing agrifood systems into the global adaptation agenda and policy landscape; (b) creates a cross-sectoral portfolio of FAO adaptation solutions covering multiple scales and approaches; (c) gives an insight into FAO's work with partners and Members and presents relevant networks and collaborations. Laying out FAO’s guiding principles according to the FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031, it underscores FAO’s efforts for transformative action in agrifood systems and demonstrates FAO's people-centered approach to climate change adaptation.

Over the last nine years, FAO, WHO and WOAH have worked with Member States, public health professionals and experts across multiple sectors and technical disciplines to improve preparedness and response capacities for MERS-CoV and other high threat zoonotic pathogens around the world. This work continues to bring together public health and animal health experts from affected and at-risk countries, scientists, and subject matter experts of high threat respiratory pathogens to review the latest scientific evidence on MERS-CoV and improve multi-sectoral collaboration. As a follow-up to previous technical meetings on MERS-CoV hosted by FAO, WHO and WOAH, a Global Technical Meeting was convened virtually on 15-16 November 2021 to share the latest findings from accelerated efforts to implement the MERS-CoV public health research agenda and research and development (R&D) road map, in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This documents presents a summary of the presentations and discussions.

Volume 1 (A and B) covers international organizations throughout the world, comprising their aims, activities and events.