The purpose of the measurement of the social cost of subsidised development finance institutions (DFIs) is to see if the social benefit exceeds the social cost. In most cases, it is so expensive to measure social benefits that a full-blown social cost-benefit analysis cannot be done. The measurement of social costs, however, is not as expensive, and it can inform choices of how to spend public funds. This paper presents two measures of social cost. The first is the Subsidy Dependence Index (SDI) that can measure social cost in short time frames. The second measure is the net present cost of society (NPCS), which can measure social cost in any time frame. Both the SDI and the NPCS model shift the emphasis from prices paid to opportunity costs.

The study discusses the industrial sector in the GCC sector and identifies the challenges facing diversification strategies in the GCC economies. The financial sector is undergoing extensive restructuring and reform worldwide, which is reflected in the GCC financial sector too. Many countries have established industrial and development finance institutions (IDFIs), which provide credit and financial support to the industrial sector. Project and capital financing is the major activity of all IDFIs in the region, for the primary purpose of achieving a number of developmental objectives. Lending is the most important source of financing, with restrictive conditions attached to the use of local production factors. The future roles of IDFIs will be affected by macroeconomic changes in the GCC region, especially the anticipated decline in public sector resources, changes in the financial sector and the industrial development strategies of countries. The IDFIs will not only be faced with threats to privatization and more difficult access to subsidized public funds, but they may also experience greater competition in their markets from a number of sources. The IDFIs will have to adapt to new realities and identify their markets, services, customers and appropriate lending policies.

National Development Financial Institutions (NDFIs) are crucial in mobilizing investments for climate and environmental (C&E) objectives. NDFIs also need to manage C&E related financial risks. This report distills insights and guidance to provide recommendations for greening NDFIs.

In this comparative study of programmes against poverty in developing countries, the authors argue that building sustainable, target group-oriented financial institutions is important and feasible, and that it is likely to have greater development impact than the channelling of external funds to poor target groups (small and micro-scale business, small farmers, and women). The analysis has far-reaching implications for development policy and will interest development specialists, policymakers, and scholars of development finance and international banking.

Contemporary Issues in Development Finance provides comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of theoretical and policy issues in development finance from both the domestic and the external finance perspectives and emphasizes addressing the gaps in financial markets. The chapters cover topical issues such as microfinance, private sector financing, aid, FDI, remittances, sovereign wealth, trade finance, and the sectoral financing of agricultural and infrastructural projects. Readers will acquire both breadth and depth of knowledge in critical and contemporary issues in development finance from a philosophical and yet pragmatic development impact approach. The text ensures this by carefully integrating the relevant theoretical underpinnings, empirical assessments, and practical policy issues into its analysis. The work is designed to be fully accessible to practitioners with only a limited theoretical economic background, allowing them to deeply engage with the book as useful reference material. Readers may find more advanced information and technical details provided in clear, concise boxes throughout the text. Finally, each chapter is fully supported by a set of review questions and by cases and examples from developing countries, particularly those in Africa. This book is a valuable resource for both development finance researchers and students taking courses in development finance, development economics, international finance, financial development policy, and economic policy management. Practitioners will find the development impact, policy, and conceptual analysis dimensions insightful analysing and designing intervention strategies.

Written in a highly readable style, this book provides in-depth coverage of the concepts of management of financial institutions, focusing primarily on the banking sector and risk management. Divided into five parts, the text first looks at the framework of the Indian financial sector and examines the significance of various financial intermediaries. It then moves on to explain in detail the products and financial statements of banks and their methods of performance analysis. The book exposes the students to various risks faced by financial institutions and elaborates on the process of risk management. It analyzes the regulatory framework for financial institutions and discusses their capital management with emphasis on both the first and second Basel accords. In addition, the text provides a thorough exposition of the Indian banking industry in the light of latest trends, data and RBI regulations. KEY FEATURES  Facilitates easy understanding of theory with the help of a number of figures, tables, graphs and worked-out examples.  Highlights the key concepts in boxes throughout the text.  Incorporates chapter-end questions and problems, case studies and computer-based exercises to help students master the concepts. This book is designed for a course in Management of Financial Institutions, offered to postgraduate students of management programmes (Finance and Banking) and commerce. It will also be useful to practising bankers and risk managers.