The One Health concept, introduced at the beginning of the 2000s, is a worldwide strategy for promoting multidisciplinary partnerships and information in all facets of health care sciences, perceiving the interrelationship between humans, animals, plants, and their common environment. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology and computational biology have revolutionized the field of the microbiome. Information surrounding uncultured microorganisms provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between an animal, the environment, and human's microbiota, including various disease correlations. In this Research Topic, we are interested in exploring how environmental stress effects bacterial communities, and how those changes relate to human health and pathobiont transmission in experimental and big data analysis.

Systems Biology and In-Depth Applications for Unlocking Diseases: Principles, tools and Application to Disease provides the essence of systems biology approaches in a practical manner, illustrating the basic principles essential to develop and model in real life science applications. Methodologies covered show how to interrogate biological data, with the purpose of obtaining insight about disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Sections provide an introduction and history of systems biology, discuss the tools and resources needed for structure and function of biological systems, and present evidence of systems biology in action. Examples include big data techniques, scale networks, mathematical model development, and much more. This is the perfect reference to provide the fundamental base of knowledge needed for systems biologists, professionals in systems medicine, computational biologists, and bioinformaticians. - Provides detailed and comprehensive coverage of the field of systems biology - Delivers instruction on how to interrogate biological data, with the purpose of obtaining insight about disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment - Makes effective steps towards personalized medicine in the treatment of disease - Explains effective disease treatment strategies at early diagnosis stages

Diet is one of the important facets of comprehensive approach to good health along with physical, social, emotional, and intellectual well-being. During the second half of the 20th century, we witnessed a dramatic change in our eating patterns and lifestyle aided by agricultural and industrial revolution, globalisation, and urbanisation and emergence of associated diet related chronic diseases such as obesity, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, some type of cancer, stroke, and degenerative arthritis. The science of food and nutrition is very complex. Nutrition science like many other fields of science is evolutionary and there are always conflicting research outcomes that need to be carefully evaluated. We ingest hundreds of dietary components every day and understanding various metabolic pathways and the effect of interactions of various dietary components in vivo is rather challenging. Recent advances in genetic research fostered the emergence of new disciplines such as nutrigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics which can shed light on the molecular level interaction between dietary nutrients and the genome. These technologies provide the vision for future nutrition research that may unravel how the diet/genome interactions modifies the phenotype. Food may not be the overall cure for the treatment of every possible disease, but the importance of food in both causing and relieving certain problems cannot be neglected. This is one of the most researched topics and there is a lot written about it. However, this book is probably the only text that provides up to date information on the various interrelated topics on food and nutrition that would be of interest to wider community.

Microbiota-associated pathology can be a direct result of changes in general bacterial composition, such as might be found in periodontitis and bacterial vaginosis, and/or as the result of colonization and/or overgrowth of so called keystone species. The disruption in the composition of the normal human microbiota, or dysbiosis, plays an integral role in human health and human disease. The Human Microbiota and Human Chronic Disease: Dysbioses as a Cause of Human Pathology discusses the role of the microbiota in maintaining human health. The text introduces the reader to the biology of microbial dysbiosis and its potential role in both bacterial disease and in idiopathic chronic disease states. Divided into five sections, the text delineates the concept of the human bacterial microbiota with particular attention being paid to the microbiotae of the gut, oral cavity and skin. A key methodology for exploring the microbiota, metagenomics, is also described. The book then shows the reader the cellular, molecular and genetic complexities of the bacterial microbiota, its myriad connections with the host and how these can maintain tissue homeostasis. Chapters then consider the role of dysbioses in human disease states, dealing with two of the commonest bacterial diseases of humanity – periodontitis and bacterial vaginosis. The composition of some, if not all microbiotas can be controlled by the diet and this is also dealt with in this section. The discussion moves on to the major ‘idiopathic’ diseases afflicting humans, and the potential role that dysbiosis could play in their induction and chronicity. The book then concludes with the therapeutic potential of manipulating the microbiota, introducing the concepts of probiotics, prebiotics and the administration of healthy human faeces (faecal microbiota transplantation), and then hypothesizes as to the future of medical treatment viewed from a microbiota-centric position. Provides an introduction to dysbiosis, or a disruption in the composition of the normal human microbiota Explains how microbiota-associated pathology and other chronic diseases can result from changes in general bacterial composition Explores the relationship humans have with their microbiota, and its significance in human health and disease Covers host genetic variants and their role in the composition of human microbial biofilms, integral to the relationship between human health and human disease Authored and edited by leaders in the field, The Human Microbiota and Human Chronic Disease will be an invaluable resource for clinicians, pathologists, immunologists, cell and molecular biologists, biochemists, and system biologists studying cellular and molecular bases of human diseases.

A human being consists of a mammalian component and a multiplicity of microbes, collectively referred to as the "microbiota" or "microbiome," with which it has a symbiotic relationship. The microbiota is comprised of a variety of communities, the composition of each being dependent on the body site it inhabits. This community variation arises because the numerous locations on a human being provide very different environments, each of which favors the establishment of a distinct microbial community. Each community consists of bacteria, fungi and viruses with, in some cases, archaea and/or protozoa. It is increasingly being recognized that the indigenous microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the health of its human host. However, changes in the overall composition of a microbial community at a body site, or an increase in the proportion of a particular species in that community, can result in disease or other adverse consequences for the host. The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease: An Ecological and Community-Based Approach describes the nature of the various communities inhabiting humans as well as the important roles they play in human health and disease. It discusses techniques used to determine microbial community composition and features a chapter devoted to the many factors that underlie this mammalian–microbe symbiosis. Uniquely, the book adopts an ecological approach to examining the microbial community’s composition at a particular body site and why certain factors can shift a community from a eubiotic to a dysbiotic state. The book is for undergraduates and postgraduates on courses with a module on the indigenous microbiota of humans. It will also be useful to scientists, clinicians, and others seeking information on the human microbiota and its role in health and disease.

Summarize the recent insight in the Microbiome and host interactions in distinct habitat including antarctic, hydrothermal vents water, speleothems, oral, skin, gut, feces, reproductive tract, soil, root, root nodules, forest and mangroves. Illustrates the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, computational techniques involved in the microbiota analysis, downstream analysis and visualization, multivariate analysis commonly used for microbiome analysis. Describe the probiotics and prebiotics in the composition of the gut microbiota, skin microbiome impact in dermatologic disease prevention, microbial communities in the reproductive tract of human and animals. Information presented in a reachable way for valuable to students, teachers, researchers, microbiologists, computational biologist and other professionals who interested to strengthen and enlarge their knowledge about microbiome analysis by with Next-Generation DNA Sequencing in different branches of sciences.

This book summarizes current advances in our understanding of how infectious disease represents an ecological interaction between a pathogenic microorganism and the host species in which that microbe causes illness. The contributing authors explain that pathogenic microorganisms often also have broader ecological connections, which can include a natural environmental presence; possible transmission by vehicles such as air, water, and food; and interactions with other host species, including vectors for which the microbe either may or may not be pathogenic. This field of science has been dubbed disease ecology, and the chapters that examine it have been grouped into three sections. The first section introduces both the role of biological community interactions and the impact of biodiversity on infectious disease. In turn, the second section considers those diseases directly affecting humans, with a focus on waterborne and foodborne illnesses, while also examining the critical aspect of microbial biofilms. Lastly, the third section presents the ecology of infectious diseases from the perspective of their impact on mammalian livestock and wildlife as well as on humans. Given its breadth of coverage, the volume offers a valuable resource for microbial ecologists and biomedical scientists alike.

Microbiome in Neurological Disease, Volume 167 in the International Review of Neurobiology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Section in this new release cover Intersections of the microbiome and early neurodevelopment, Microbiome influences on neuro-immune interactions, The genomes of Parkinson's disease, Experimental contributions of the microbiome to Parkinson's disease, The foundations of microbiome contributions to Alzheimer's disease, Immunologic pathways by which the gut microbiota influences Alzheimer's disease, Role of the gut microbiome in Huntington's Disease, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the International Review in Neurobiology series - Updated release includes the latest information on Microbiome in Neurological Disease

This book pursues a multidisciplinary approach in order to evaluate the socio-ecological dimensions of infectious diseases in Southeast Asia. It includes 18 chapters written by respected researchers in the fields of history, sociology, ecology, epidemiology, veterinary sciences, medicine and the environmental sciences on six major topics: (1) Infectious diseases and societies, (2) Health, infectious diseases and socio-ecosystems; (3) Global changes, land use changes and vector-borne diseases; (4) Monitoring and data acquisition; (5) Managing health risks; and (6) Developing strategies. The book offers a valuable guide for students and researchers in the fields of development and environmental studies, animal and human health (veterinarians, physicians), ecology and conservation biology, especially those with a focus on Southeast Asia.