Professor Stern puts applied linguistics research into its historical and interdisciplinary perspective. He gives an authoritative survey of past developments worldwide and establishes a set of guidelines for the future. There are six parts: Clearing the Ground, Historical Perspectives, Concepts of Language, Concepts of Society, Concepts of Language Learning, and Concepts of Language Teaching.

This text includes a selection of commissioned and classic articles that introduce a range of theories of second language acquisition and the contested explanations of effective language learning.

This text goes back to basics by investigating fundamental assumptions about the way English should be defined and taught as a foreign language. It looks at different attitudes to English teaching, and critically examines proposals for course content.

The Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning is an authoritative reference dealing with all aspects of this increasingly important field of study. Offering a comprehensive range of articles on contemporary language teaching and its history, it has been produced specifically for language teaching professionals and as a reference work for academic studies at postgraduate level. In this new edition, every single entry has been reviewed and updated with reference to new developments and publications. Coverage has been expanded to reflect new technological, global and academic developments, with particular attention to areas such as online and distance learning, teacher and learner cognition, testing, assessment and evaluation, global English and teacher education. Themes and disciplines covered include: Methods and materials, including new technologies and materials development Contexts and concepts, such as mediation, risk-taking in language learning and intercomprehension Influential figures from the early days of language teaching to the contemporary Related disciplines, such as psychology, anthropology and corpus linguistics It covers the teaching of specific languages, including Japanese, Chinese, Arabic and African languages, as well as English, French, German and Spanish. There are thirty five overview articles dealing with issues such as communicative language teaching, early language learning, teacher education and syllabus and curriculum design. A further 160 entries focus on topics such as bilingualism, language laboratories and study abroad. Numerous shorter items examine language and cultural institutions, professional associations and acronyms. Multiple cross-references enable the user to browse from one entry to another, and there are suggestions for further reading. Written by an international team of specialists, the Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning is an invaluable resource and reference manual for anyone with a professional or academic interest in the subject.

A comprehensive critical work, Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics is a highly readable A-Z guide to the main terms and concepts used in the study of language and linguistics.

TESOL / ESL Teaching.

Providing an introduction, this work contains sections on the British Empire.

This book represents a major statement of the current research being conducted on the learning of second languages from a sociocultural perspective. The book is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. Specific topics covered include: learning and teaching languages in the zone of proximal development; L1 mediation in the acquisition of L2 grammar; sociocultural theory as a theory of second language learning; gestural mediation in a second language; and constructing a self through a second language.

Introduction Language, its nature and Mechanisms, Meaning of language: Man’s greatest achievement and significant that above all others distinguishes him from greatest is a language. Language is the flesh and blood of culture. We can not imagine a world without languages. Language is an essential component of culture and civilization. General Meaning of Language: Language is vast repertoire of words. The English world language has been derived from the Latin word – Lingua which means Tongue, French term ‘Langue’ & ‘Parole’ also bear similar impression on languages. Language is necessary for speaking, learning, reading, writing. It is a type of abstract knowledge. Definition of Language: · Edward. Sapir: “A purely human norm instinctive method of communication ideas, emotions & desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced vocal symbols.” · Otto Jesperson: ‘A set of human habits the purpose of which is to give expression to thoughts & feelings and especially to impart them to others’.