As the economic growth and social development of a nation is reliant on its workforce, it is essential to increase the workforce’s employability through technical and vocational education. Through these programs, the nation’s workers will be able to acquire skills and flexibility in order to navigate across sectors of the economy and industry. However, due to gender disparities and socioeconomic statuses within society, women from a lower economic background are unable to gain access to these programs, hindering their career development and economic independence. Gender Issues in Technical and Vocational Education Programs is an essential critical resource that probes the issue of gender equity in specialized educational programs, such as vocational or technical education programs. It also presents global initiatives that are being undertaken to enhance the access to technical and vocational education programs to all citizens. Divided into two sections, this publication provides comprehensive coverage on understanding human resource skilling through vocational and training programs and promoting gender equity through skill development, making it an ideal resource for academicians, researchers, social scientists, educators, policymakers, government officials, and professionals.

This book discusses equal opportunity for education in a global context. Research findings from all over the world, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America are presented. Wilson and Erskine have compiled chapters addressing current gender issues as well as specific problems facing policy makers and professionals alike.

Almost all economies have, or are at least starting to, understand the significance of examining and mainstreaming gender issues in the world of work. Sociocultural evolution and various other factors have helped these developments, but there is still so much more work to be done. Technology has played a substantial role in decreasing the gender divide as more households than ever before have access to technology, and the revolution of access to information across most societies has become gender neutral and empowering. While technology can hold the potential to significantly expand the job market and open opportunities for all job seekers, questions surrounding automation and availability of jobs and the accessibility to secure the necessary qualifications and education needed to fill paid jobs rage on, especially when examining those who are typically marginalized. Gender Perspectives on Industry 4.0 and the Impact of Technology on Mainstreaming Female Employment discusses gender perspective and its impact on the fourth industrial revolution, particularly in the realm of employment structure, and analyzes the impact of technology on mainstreaming women in paid employment. In the present environment, organizations are beginning to realize the importance of looking more critically at their workforce and structure and how to better cater to the diversity, equity, and inclusion movement while also productively managing the advancement of new technologies. Covering topics such as sustainable development and the future of work, it is ideal for policymakers, practitioners, professionals, consultants, managers, researchers, academicians, educators, and students.

Many students across the globe seek further education for future employment opportunities. Vocational schools offer direct training to develop the skills needed for employment. New emphasis has been placed on reskilling the workforce as technology has infiltrated all aspects of business. Teachers must be prepared to teach these new skill requirements to allow students to directly enter the workforce with the necessary competences intact. As the labor market and industry are changing, it is essential to stay current with the best teaching practices within vocational education courses to provide the future workforce with the proper tools and knowledge. The Research Anthology on Vocational Education and Preparing Future Workers discusses the development, opportunities, and challenges of vocational education courses and how to best prepare students for future employment. It presents the best practices in curriculum development for vocational education courses and analyzes student outcomes. Covering topics such as industry-academia collaboration, student satisfaction, and competency-based education, this major reference work is an essential resource for academic administration, pre-service teachers, educators of vocational education, libraries, employers, government officials, researchers, and academicians.

This volume contains seven chapters that consider how fiscal policies can address women’s and girls’ disadvantages in education, health, employment, and financial well-being. Researchers from a joint collaboration between the International Monetary Fund and the UK’s Department for International Development presented papers at a 2016 international conference on gender budgeting at the International Monetary Fund headquarters in Washington, DC, and detail the findings of their work here, which draws on published materials, a questionnaire sent to ministries of finance to all International Monetary Fund member countries, and interviews with country officials and international organizations that offer technical assistance to countries seeking to implement gender budgeting. They describe key gender budgeting efforts planning, allocating, and monitoring government expenditures and taxes to address gender inequality in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and Canada, the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Pacific Islands and Caribbean.

The Migration Conference 2023 Selected Papers includes short papers from several tracks that were included in the TMC 2023 Hamburg programme. Migration Conferences are annual scholarly gatherings accommodating debates about migration, migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, integration, diasporas and all other relevant topics from various social science disciplines while also hosting debates involving policy makers, media and third sector representatives. The Migration Conference 2023 was hosted by the Faculty of Law at Hamburg University in Germany. Details of the conference programme and the links to the online sessions can be inspected here. www.migrationconference.net | @migrationevent | fb.me/MigrationConference | Email: migrationscholar@gmail.com Contents Summary Programme ECONOMICS, WORK AND MIGRATION... SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF YOUTH TVET EDUCATION, INSERTION, MIGRATION AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MOROCCO USING SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS - Mohamed Ennebch, Ahmed Bassibas, Youssef Haddou Amar, Meryem Ragbi, and Moubarek Amine Berdaa LOCAL POLICIES OF DIVERSITY IN (POST-) INDUSTRIAL CITIES: A RESEARCH AGENDA BETWEEN ITALY AND JAPAN.. - Magda Bolzoni and Silvia Crivello NEW ‘CRISIS’, OLD CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES: LABOUR IM(MOBILITIES) OF ALBANIAN MIGRANTS IN GREECE’S COVID-19 ‘CRISIS’ - Maria Panteleou THE EFFECTS OF LABOR MIGRATION FROM GEORGIA ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE EASTERN BLACK SEA COASTAL CITIES - Kerim Taşkın and Selver Özözen Kahraman INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF MIGRANT DOMESTIC WORKERS AND THE KAFALA SYSTEM IN LEBANON - Nadine El-Dekmak EDUCATION AND SKILLED MIGRATION FROM MIGRANT WORKERS TO PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS: THE REINTEGRATION OF OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS (OFWS) THROUGH “SA PINAS, IKAW AY MA’AM, SIR” (SPIMS) PROGRAM - Rowena R. Hibanada and Jocelyn O. Celero THE “NOT MIGRANT” NARRATIVE AND ITS CAUSES: SELF-CATEGORIZATION OF HIGHLY SKILLED MIGRANTS IN BUDAPEST - Pinar Dilan Sönmez Gioftsios TESTIMONIOS AS DECOLONIZING TOOLS IN EFL TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS TO PROMOTE REFLECTION AND ACTION - Irasema Mora-Pablo BRAIN DRAIN OF HEALTH WORKERS FROM TURKEY TO GERMANY AND ITS RESULTS: POSSIBILITIES OF BRAIN GAIN - Fuat Güllüpınar and Gamze Kaçar Tunç WELLBEING AND MIGRATION DETERMINANTS OF SELF REPORTED POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN SYRIAN REFUGEES LIVING IN TURKEY BETWEEN 2011-2017: ANALYSIS BY SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE.. Alime Tombak A STUDY OF THE DETRIMENTAL IMPACT OF COVID-19: WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FEMALE MIGRANT WORKERS IN NEW DELHI, INDIA.. Niimisha Kaul OVERCOMING ADVERSITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG SYRIAN REFUGEES IN TÜRKIYE.. Selen Subaşı MIGRATION, LAW AND POLICY.. THE CONNECTION OF DISCRIMINATION, ANGER, AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE.. Rebecca Endtricht DECENT LIVING CONDITIONS FOR ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES. THE PROBLEM OF PROTECTION IN GREECE.. Styliani (Stella) Christoforidou THE SOLIDARITY’S PRINCIPLE IN THE GOVERNMENT OF MIGRATION BETWEEN CRIMINALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY.. Filomena Pisconti THE USE OF THE TRANSFORMATIVE INTERCULTUREL MEDIATION MODEL FOR IMMIGRANTS. Amel Ketani THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF REFUGEES: STATUS TRANSITION FROM ILLEGAL MIGRANTS TO ASYLUM SEEKERS REGARDING THE SUPRESSION OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING AS A TRANSNATIONAL CRIME.. Blerta Ahmedi, Bekim Nuhija, Stefani Stojchevska and Betim Jahja MIGRATION AND ENVIRONMENT.. ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUITIES AND URBAN MIGRATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE INJUSTICE FOR SYRIAN COMMUNITIES IN ISTANBUL.. Elif Bengi Güneş and Osman Balaban ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES AND THE 1951 REFUGEE CONVENTION.. AlBaraa Quradi COMPATIBILITY OF THE EU-TURKEY STATEMENT TO EU LAW AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW... Havva Yesil MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION... PLURAL AGENCIES IN UNDERSTANDING 21ST CENTURY MIGRATION HISTORY IN EUROPE: UNVEILING MIGRATION PATTERNS THROUGH CONSTELLATIONS AND SYMMETRIZATIONS. Andres Otalvaro ESSENTIAL HANDS, INVISIBLE WORKER: THE LIVES OF BLACK MIGRANTS IN THE US. Yasin Kakande THE TRANSNATIONAL GENERATIONS AND EDUCATION: THE MODELS OF INTEGRATION IN QATARI SCHOOLS. Abdullah Noor Mohmmad Arbabi REFUGEE INTEGRATION IN GREECE AND ITALY (2010-2020): A COMPARISON STUDY.. Dimitris Georgiadis CHINESE MIGRATION AND ENGAGEMENT IN CAMEROON: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW... Jocelyne Kenne Kenne IRREGULAR AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR INTEGRATION IN THE LIBYAN COASTAL CITIES. Mohamed Ali Ahmed THE CRETAN REFUGEES IN THE PROVINCE OF ADANA.. Aslı Emine Çomu UNDERSTANDING TURKISH RETURN MIGRATION FROM GERMANY.. Funda Yıldırım MIGRATION AND GENDER.. WOMEN’S ESSENTIAL ROLES AS CHANGE AGENTS IN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE, DEVELOPMENT AND POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION/ RECONCILIATION.. Nur Sultan Çırakman and Candost Aydın BEYOND VICTIMHOODTRANSFORMATIVE POTENTIALS IN QUEER HUMANITARIANISM... Valentina Massone YOUTH, CHILDREN AND FAMILIES. MUSIC AS A CATALYST FOR BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION WITH REFUGEE YOUTH.. Eva Marija Vukich and Hala Hamdan COURT-TO-COURT DIALOGUES: CHALLENGES FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN IN MIGRATION PROCESSES. Laila Roxina Moliterno Abi Cheble INSECURITIES AND MIGRATION... PERPETUAL WAR LOGIC AND GLOBAL REFUGEES. Anas Karzai SECURITY, DISPLACED: UNDERSTANDING REFUGEES’ SENSE OF SAFETY AND SECURITY THROUGH THEIR RESETTLEMENT EXPERIENCES IN MONTREAL, CANADA.. Krystal Tennessee PERPETRATORS’ TRAUMA: EMOTIONAL STATE OF MIGRANTS FROM RUSSIA WHO DISAPPROVE OF THE INVASION OF UKRAINE.. Varvara Mukhina MIGRANTS, THE STATE AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO.. Andel Andrew and Lue Anda Francis-Blackman MIGRATION MANAGEMENT AND BORDERING PRACTICES IN THAILAND AND VIETNAM.. Mary Rose Geraldine A. Sarausad and Reinaruth D. Carlos ARTS, LITERATURE AND MIGRATION... MEMORIES OF EMIGRATION AND THE PERCEPTION OF IMMIGRANTS IN ITALY.. Luana Franco-Rocha, Daniela Salvucci, and Dorothy Zinn HISTORY AND MIGRATION... HUMAN MIGRATIONS, HISTORY AND LAW ACCORDING TO “THE NOMOS OF THE EARTH”. Orazio Maria Gnerre THEORY AND METHODS IN MIGRATION STUDIES. A COLLABORATIVE OPEN-SOURCE MIGRATION RESEARCH PLATFORM... Jimmy Krozel, Mark Peters, Athina Bikaki, Shaili Dave, Luke Lorentzatos, and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris MIGRATION AND RADICALIZATION WITH VIOLENCE.. Merve Önenli Güven HATE SPEECH: DISPLACEMENTS OF THE MODERN HOMO SACER.. Laura Natalia y Rodríguez Ariano CLIMATE IM(MOBOLITY) UNDER THE LENS OF CLIMATE JUSTICE.. Marilia Papaleo Gagliardi L’ÈMIGRATION... CONTRIBUTION ET PLACE DES ONG DANS LE CADRE NORMATIF DE PROTECTION INTERNATIONALE DES RÉFUGIÉS. Samira Bikarden MIGRACIONES. MIGRACIÓN DE TRANSITO DE CENTRO Y SURAMERICANOS POR ZACATECAS MÉXICO HACIA ESTADOS UNIDOS 2022-2023. García Zamora Pascual G, J Lamberto Herrera M y Dellanira Ruiz de Chávez R DISCURSO DE ODIO EN CONTRA DE LA INMIGRACIÓN: DESPLAZAMIENTOS DEL HOMO SACER MODERNO LAURA.. Laura Natalia y Rodríguez Ariano PERCEPCIÓN NEGATIVA RESPECTO A LA INMIGRACIÓN VENEZOLANA POR LA MENDICIDAD. Jessica Ordóñez GÖÇ ÇALIŞMALARI. KAHRAMANMARAŞ DEPREMLERİ SONRASI ZORUNLU İÇ GÖÇ: ESKİŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ. Filiz Göktuna Yaylacı and Gül Sevi Üçüncü GÖÇ SÜRECİNDE KESİŞİMSELLİK: SOSYAL PSİKOLOJİK BAKIŞ AÇISI. Betül Dilara Şeker KAHRAMANMARAŞ-TÜRKİYE DEPREMLERİ SONRASI YAŞANAN DEPREM GÖÇÜ ÜZERİNE SOSYOLOJİK BİR ÇALIŞMA.. Senem Gürkan and Erkan Perşembe EV SAHİBİ GRUBUN MÜLTECİLERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Betül Dilara Şeker ve İbrahim Sirkeci

For a full list of entries and contributors, sample entries, and more, visit the Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women website. Featuring comprehensive global coverage of women's issues and concerns, from violence and sexuality to feminist theory, the Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women brings the field into the new millennium. In over 900 signed A-Z entries from US and Europe, Asia, the Americas, Oceania, and the Middle East, the women who pioneered the field from its inception collaborate with the new scholars who are shaping the future of women's studies to create the new standard work for anyone who needs information on women-related subjects.

From ancient skills passed down through imitation to the apprentice systems of ancient civilizations and onward to the formal vocational education systems of today, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has existed for thousands of years. It has made significant contributions to society, the economy, and technological advancements throughout the course of human civilization. While the contemporary concepts and principles of TVET have a history of only a few hundred years, the professional and technical talents nurtured by TVET have initiated and completed numerous industrial revolutions, exerting a profound influence on modernization initiatives. High-quality TVET construction is recognized as a crucial driver in promoting global social and economic development. Therefore, as an integral part of the educational system, countries worldwide spare no effort in constructing vocational education systems. Understanding vocational education experiences from around the world can assist each country or region in drawing inspiration when developing their own TVET systems. This book gathers research experiences from various countries and regions in the realms of “Educational Policies and Institutions” and “Curriculum and Instruction”, aiming to offer readers insights from diverse TVET achievements in different contexts and backgrounds.

A main staple of today’s world that has played a key role in the development of society is education and institutions of higher learning. An ongoing concern, however, has been the lack of access and resources to superior teaching in developing areas of the world. Student engagement and learning environments are just a few elements that play into the success of colleges in areas like the Coast Region of Kenya. Research must be done in understanding the correlation between the tools that these institutions are equipped with and the educational results of their students. Effects of Engagement and Resources on Learning Outcomes in Vocational Colleges: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that discusses the relationship between college resources and students’ learning outcomes as well as contributing factors in promoting quality education and training. Featuring research on topics such as research philosophies, teaching workloads, and student engagement, this book is ideally designed for teachers, deans, researchers, education professionals, administrators, policymakers, government officials, and academicians seeking coverage on the methods of acquiring and maintaining quality education in developing countries.