This reference describes more than 2500 trade names, chemicals, and materials that serve the primary function of lowering the overall cost of the end products to which they are added. These ingredients are multifunctional in diverse industries: in paper, they serve to improve brightness, increase opacity, and reduce porosity. In paints, often referred to as inerts, extenders, and supplemental pigments, they increase color, hiding power, weatherability and control viscosity. Fillers in plastics and polymers impart impact strength, lubricity, electrical and thermal properties. Diluents, besides supplying bulk to detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, act to adjust dose or concentration. This reference is essential for the chemical professional involved in the marketing, formulating, and selection of these important chemicals and materials.

Thermosetting plastics are a distinct category of plastics whose high performance, durability and reliability at high temperatures makes them suitable for specialty applications ranging from automotive and aerospace through to electronic packaging and consumer products (your melamine kitchen worktop is a thermoset resin!). Recent developments in thermoset plastics technology and processes has broadened their use exponentially over recent years, and these developments continue: in November 2011, French scientists created a new lightweight thermoset that is as strong and stable as previous materials yet can be easily reworked and reshaped when heated which makes it unique amongst thermosets and allows for repair and recycling. The Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, now in its Third edition, provides a comprehensive survey of the chemical processes, manufacturing techniques and design properties of each polymer, along with their applications. Written by a team of highly experienced practitioners, the practical implications of using thermoset plastics are presented – both their strengths and weaknesses. The data and descriptions presented here enable engineers, scientists and technicians to form judgments and take action on the basis of informed analysis. The aim of the book is to help the reader to make the right decision and take the correct action – avoiding the pitfalls the authors' experience has uncovered. The new edition has been updated throughout to reflect current practice in manufacturing and processing, featuring: - Case Studies to demonstrate how particular properties make different polymers suitable for different applications, as well as covering end-use and safety considerations - A new chapter on using nanoparticles to enhance thermal and mechanical properties - A new chapter describing new materials based on renewable resources (such as soy-based thermoset plastics) - A new chapter covering recent developments and potential future technologies such as new catalysts for Controlled Radical Polymerization - Goodman and Dodiuk-Kenig provide a comprehensive reference guide to the chemistry, manufacturing and applications of thermosets - Updated to include recent developments in manufacturing – from biopolymers to nanocomposites - Case Studies illustrate applications of key thermoset plastics

With recent developments in nanotechnology, thermoset nanocomposites offer numerous advantages compared to conventional composite materials. Moreover, with the emergence of commercial nanomaterials like nanoclays (NCs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanosilica (NS), Polyhedral-Oligomeric-Sil-Sesquioxanes (POSS), tungsten-disulfide (WS2) fullerenes and tubes, and Graphene (Gr), new potential routes have been opened to tailor thermosetting polymers in the nanoscale range. Due to the large surface area of the nanosize particles, only small amounts are needed to cause significant changes in the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of polymer nanocomposites. When the surface areas of the nanoparticles are modified, additional dimensions for the formulation of structural adhesives and composite matrices arise, and can be used for a variety of applications. The formulation sequence and conditions are found to determine the structure and properties of the resulting nanocomposites. This chapter reviews and analyzes the various thermoset nanocomposites containing: NCs, CNTs, NS, POSS, WS2, and Gr.

Nature has consistently provided human beings with bioactive compounds that can be used directly as drugs or indirectly as drug leads. Some of the major classes of natural bioactive compounds include phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, lignin, glycosides, terpenoids, and many more. They possess a broad range of biological activities and are primarily useful in the treatment of various health issues. At the same time, the search for new and novel drugs is never-ending and, despite major advances in synthetic chemistry, nature remains an essential resource for drug discovery. Therefore, more and more researchers are interested in understanding the chemistry, clinical pharmacology, and beneficial effects of bioactive compounds in connection with solving human health problems. This book presents a wealth of information on natural metabolites that have been or are currently being used as drugs or leads for the discovery of new drugs. In addition, it highlights the importance of natural products against various human diseases, and their applications in the drug, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and herbal industries. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable resource for all students, educators, and healthcare experts involved in natural product research, phytochemistry, and pharmacological research.

Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetic Considerations explains the central principles, cutting-edge methodologies, and incipient thought processes applied to toxicology research. As part of the Advances in Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research series, the book provides expert literature on dose, dosage regimen and dose adjustment, medication errors, and approaches for its prevention, the concept of pharmacotherapy, and managed care in clinical interventions. It expounds on strategies to revamp the pharmacokinetics of the drug and the factors affecting the stability of drugs and their metabolites in biological matrices. Finally, the book offers focused elaborations on various bioanalytical methods for bioavailability and bioequivalence assessment and integrates the wide-ranging principles and concepts shared by toxicokinetics and pharmacodynamics as mutual crosstalk rather than isolated observations. It will be helpful to researchers and advanced students working in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biotechnology, food, and related industries including toxicologists, pharmacists, and pharmacologists. - Allows readers to systematically integrate up-to-date research findings into their laboratory work - Presents focused explorations of bioanalytical methods for bioavailability and bioequivalence assessment - Provides clinical applications of concepts

Current pharmaceutical and clinical approaches to the treatment of disease suffer from the inherent limitations in the specialization of drugs introduced to physiological systems. The interface of clinical and material sciences has allowed for a broad spectrum of creative approaches with the potential to alleviate these shortcomings. However, the synergy of these disciplines also presents problems in which nascent technology lacks the necessary evaluation within its intended clinical environment. Given the growing potential for materials science to address a number of unanswered therapeutic needs, it remains even more pressing to validate emerging drug delivery technologies in actual clinical environments. Drug Delivery: Materials Design and Clinical Perspective addresses the core fundamentals of drug delivery using material science and engineering principles, and then applies this knowledge using prominent examples from both the scientific literature and clinical practice. Each chapter focuses on a specific drug delivery technology, such as controlled-release materials, thin-film materials, or smart materials. Within each chapter, an initial section on “Engineering Concepts” reviews the relevant fundamental principles that guide rational design. The following section on “Materials Design” discusses how the design process applies engineering concepts for use in physiological systems. A third section on “Implementation” discusses current approaches in the literature which have demonstrated effective drug delivery in controlled environments. Finally, each chapter contains several sections on “Clinical Applications” which describe the validity of materials approaches from a clinical perspective; these sections review the safety and efficacy of drug delivery systems for specific, compelling medical applications. The book thereby bridges materials science with clinical medicine, and provides the reader with a bench-to-bedside view of novel drug delivery systems. · Provides a comprehensive description of drug delivery systems from a materials perspective · Includes a wide-ranging discussion of clinical applications of drug delivery systems · Presents separate chapters on controlled release materials, thin film materials, self-microemulsifying materials, smart materials, etc. · Covers fundamental engineering principles, rational materials design, implementation testing, and clinical applications for each material type